Over 5000 years ago ephedra (under the name Ma huang) has been used in Chinese medicine to treat several disorders. Amongst others asthma and bronchitis were to be treated properly with ephedra. Ephedra comes from a plant that has a few powerful active compounds, of which ephedrine is the most useful. More information on the chemical connections en the extraction of the active substances is to be read in chemistry.
Over the last few years ephedra has gained much more attention for its side-effects: an increased metabolism, plus the thermeogenic and fat burning qualities that come along with that. This gives the body stimulation and provides energy. Thanks to these qualities ephedra now has a status of weight-loss supplement, smartdrug and sports supplement. A status that has recently become controversial because of the ban on ephedra products in the United States and the Netherlands. Read about the why, when and how in legal?.
The menu parts all contain articles, which were placed in the original English version. Besides we have some users experiences, a users guide, Frequently Asked Questions, links and a forum.
* News *
October 3 , 2005 - Ephedra-free diet pills not risk-free
In a scramble to develop new replacement weight-loss aids, drug manufacturers produced drugs containing extracts of bitter orange. This supplement has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for digestive problems. Studies are finding these new ephedra-free diet pills carry some side effects that are similar to ephedra products.
This botanical contains a compound similar to ephedra, called synephrine. Both of these compounds stimulate the central nervous system and are thought to increase the metabolism. Also both raise blood pressure and heart rate, according to research on Advantra Z and Xenadrine EFX at the University of California, San Francisco.
Dr. Christine Haller, lead author of the University of California, San Francisco study, points out that little research has been done to determine whether or not these new ephedra-free diet pills are safe or effective. She says the main concern about these new diet pills is the risk they pose to people with elevated blood pressure and conditions like diabetes: two medical conditions which are common in overweight and obese individuals.
“This does indicate that people should use caution when using these ephedra-free diet drugs]” Haller says.
In 1927, the U.S. medical community began to use ephedrine, which is the
active ingredient in ma haung, to open bronchial passages in patients with
asthma. As the supplies of
Ephedra vulgaris
began to dwindle, pharmaceutical
companies began to search for a synthetic alternative. Amphetamine was first
synthesized in 1887, but because there was very little interest in it, the substance
went unnoticed until it became the alternative to ephedrine (Feldman
et al., 1997). By the 1930s, all the major effects of amphetamine were known.
While resear Ephedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in the family Ephedraceae and order Ephedrales. These plants occur in dry climates over a wide area mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, across southern Europe, north Africa, southwest and central Asia, southwestern North America, and, in the Southern Hemisphere, in South America south to Patagonia. They are also called Joint-pine, Jointfir, or Mormon-tea. The Chinese name is 麻黄, ma huang, which means "yellow hemp". Ephedra is also sometimes called sea grape (from the French raisin de mer), although that is also a common name for Coccoloba uvifera.
edit]
Species
The following list of species is from the Gymnosperm Database page for Ephedra.
Ephedra alata Decne
Ephedra altissima Desf.
Ephedra antisyphilitica Berl. ex C.A.Meyer - Clapweed, Erect Ephedra
Ephedra aspera Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Boundary Ephedra, Pitamoreal
Ephedra californica S.Wats. - California Ephedra, California Jointfir
Ephedra coryi E.L.Reed - Cory's Ephedra
Ephedra cutleri Peebles - Navajo Ephedra, Cutler's Ephedra, Cutler Mormon-tea, Cutler's Jointfir
Ephedra distachya L. - Joint-pine, Jointfir
Ephedra distachya subsp. helvetica (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra equisetina Bunge - Ma huang
Ephedra fasciculata A.Nels. - Arizona Ephedra, Arizona Jointfir, Desert Mormon-tea
Ephedra fedtschenkoae Pauls.
Ephedra fragilis Desf.
Ephedra fragilis subsp. campylopoda (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra frustillata Miers - Patagonian Ephedra
Ephedra funerea Coville & Morton - Death Valley Ephedra, Death Valley Jointfir
Ephedra gerardiana Wallich ex C.A.Meyer - Gerard's Jointfir, Shan Ling Ma Huang
Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex C.A.Meyer
Ephedra lepidosperma C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra likiangensis Florin
Ephedra macedonica Kos.
Ephedra major Host
Ephedra major subsp. procera Fischer & C.A.Meyer
Ephedra minuta Florin
Ephedra monosperma C.A.Meyer
Ephedra viridis in western NevadaEphedra nevadensis S.Wats. - Nevada Ephedra, Nevada Jointfir, Nevada Mormon-tea
Ephedra pedunculata Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Vine Ephedra, Vine Jointfir
Ephedra przewalskii Stapf
Ephedra przewalskii var. kaschgarica (B.Fedtsch. & Bobr.) C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra regeliana Florin - Xi Zi Ma Huang
Ephedra saxatilis (Stapf) Royle ex Florin
Ephedra sinica Stapf - Ma Huang, Chinese ephedra
Ephedra torreyana S.Wats. - Torrey's Ephedra, Torrey's Jointfir, Torrey's Mormon-tea, Cañutillo
Ephedra trifurca Torrey ex S.Wats. - Longleaf Ephedra, Longleaf Jointfir, Longleaf Mormon-tea, Popotilla, Teposote
Ephedra viridis Coville - Green Ephedra, Green Mormon-tea
edit]
Uses and health concerns
Ephedra distachyaThese plants have traditionally been used by indigenous people for a variety of medicinal purposes, and are a likely candidate for the Soma plant of Indo-Iranian religion. The alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are the active constituents of the plant. Some species in the Ephedra genus have zero al ure to cool,
then pour it into a sep funnel. Wash the ethyl acetate solution with 50
ml of water to recover the lithium iodide into the water solution.
Separate off the water layer, and evaporate the water to recover the
lithium iodide for reuse. The ethyl acetate solution should be dried
over some anhydrous sodium sulfate, then the ethyl acetate evaporated
off to give about 20 grams of 2,4,5-trimethoxyphenlyacetone. This
light-sensitive substance should be stored in the freezer.
90
12 Studies On The Production OfTMA-2
91
Method Two
Acetonitrile is a quite poisonous solvent, dangerous both in
inhalation from the fizzing electrochemical cell and by absorption
through the skin. It has been my experience that just spilling a little bit of
it on your skin is enough to give you head rushes and make you feel
uncomfortable. The use of acetonitrile can be avoided without loss of
yield by using the alternative procedure in Example 6 in the patent.
The electrochemical cell is constructed in exactly the same way as in
the first method. Then into the electrochemical cell put 400 ml of
dimethylformamide, 200 ml of water containing 27 grams NaBr, and 20
grams asarone. Check the level of the solution, and make sure that the
amount of electrode surfaces are the same as in the first method. Then
begin stirring, and pass the current through the solution exactly as in the
first method.
When the 24,000 coulombs have been passed, pour the contents of
the beaker into a sep funnel, dilute with 1000 ml of a 20% solution of
salt in water, and extract four times with 200 ml portions of ethyl
acetate. The combined extracts, amounting to 800 ml, should be
washed twice with 200 ml portions of a 20% solution of salt in water.
The ethyl acetate solution contains the product epoxide. It should be
evaporated under a vacuum to a volume of about 200 ml, then reacted
with lithium iodide just as in the first method to yield about 20 grams of
2,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetone.
Recycling of solvents is possible with this method too. Ethyl
acetate can be recovered during the vacuum evaporation by use of a
dry-ice trap. The dimethyl-formamide can be recovered by vacuum
distillation.
The Journal Method
A very effective alternative method exists for converting propenyl
benzenes to phenylacetones. I know through mail received from the
reading public that this method gives a yield of about 80% when used
Practical LSD Manufacture
92
with isosafrole. Similar results can be expected when used with
asarone.
In spite of the high yields and simplicity of this reaction, I can't
recommend its use. That's because this procedure uses thallium(III)
nitrate to oxidize the propenylbenzene to the corresponding
phenylacetone. The thallium(III) nitrate gets reduced to thallium(I)
nitrate. Both of these heavy-metal compounds are very poisonous and,
unlike organic chemicals, the heavy metals persist forever in the
environment, and accumulate in the body. You wa ching the effects, it was discovered that amphetamines could
awaken dogs that were under anesthesia. This discovery led to the use of
amphetamines, in pill form, to treat narcolepsy (Feldman et al., 1997).
Amphetamines were also rumored to have been used in Japan, Britain, Germany,
and the U.S. during World War II (Brecher 1972; Lovett, 1994; Feldman
et al., 1997). U.S. and Japanese army personnel are said to have used amphetamines
to stay awake and alert while assigned to especially long periods on
duty (Feldman et al., 1997). Because of the use of amphetamines by Japanese
soldiers, Japan “suffered a serious methamphetamine problem during early
postwar years” (Suwaki, 1991).
Amphetamine use became so common that college students in the 1950s
and 1960s used amphetamines to stay awake all night to study for exams.
Long-haul truckers named their routes after how much amphetamine was
needed to make the trip. To get halfway across the U.S., truckers used “St.
Louie,” and for a transcontinental truck run, “West Coast turnabouts” were
used (Feldman et al., 1997).
In the 1960s, California users of amphetamine began using speedballs,
which are a combination of amphetamine and heroin taken intravenously.
Physicians of the Haight-Ashbury Free Clinic in San Francisco tried to warn
the public of the dangers of amphetamines by coining the term “speed kills.”
Dr. D. Smith of the Haight-Ashbury Free Clinic said:
In the 1970s the Haight-Ashbury area, of San Francisco,
turned into one of the most violent areas of the city. It
was a direct result of the amphetamine epidemic. In
addition, we saw a great deal of amphetamine psychosis,
©
2003
by CRC Press LLC
from high doses of amphetamine producing paranoia,
auditory, and visual hallucinations. We started getting
a feel that the medical and the psychiatric system did
not know how to handle drug epidemics. For example,
I was also running the alcohol and drug abuse-screening
unit at San Francisco General Hospital where with the
diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia you treat with
long-term psychotropic medication. With amphetamine
psychosis you detoxify them and use a short-term
course of psychotropic medication and get them into
recove
The technology of ancient wine making (open fermentation in crocks
or vats) would only produce a six-percent alcohol content. This would be
quickly reduced to acetic acid (vinegar). Ancient wine was produced
exactly the same as modern vinegar. So, a stable vinegar solution was
probably the basis of ancient wine. Vinegar is, however, not intoxicating.
One explanation is that vinegar was used as a vehicle for carrying other
drugs. Dried drug plants such as poppy (opium), datura, henbane, etc.
being extracted with the vinegar. (With the possible exception of opium
and ephedra, none of these other plants would really be pleasant in their
effects.) Vinegar would then preserve these drugs in solution. This would
allow bottling, transport and u cake is not colonized as quickly as the
outside. Also, there is sufficient moisture in the cake at the start so
there is no need to add water immediately.
Advantage:
The rice cake will produce many more mushrooms than it would have
without adding moisture. Using this adaptation allows the nutrients in
the rice cake to be almost totally consumed before the cake is
exhausted.
Disadvantages:
Care should be taken when drilling the hole because there is no way
to monitor for contamination inside the hole. Also, you will need to
add water on a daily basis.
Back to Growing Cycle.
table of contents.
Adaptation-18: Continued Drying of Mushrooms During
Storage
You can place a small glass with a small amount of desiccant in the
long term storage bag to continue to extract moisture from the
mushrooms. A shot glass with 3/4 of an ounce of desiccant is
sufficient to keep the humidity very low in the long term storage bag.
A larger glass that is more stable might be a better choice in order to
avoid an accident of spilling the desiccant inside the bag.
(28 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Advantage:
The mushrooms will continue to dry and their preservation is
enhanced.
Disadvantages:
You will need to be careful not to knock the glass over and spill
desiccant in the storage bag. This is only suitable if you can leave the
bag in a stationary location.
Back to Drying and Preservation of Mushrooms.
table of contents.
Adaptation-19: Reducing Output Of Ultra Sonic Humidifier
The output of the ultra sonic humidifier can be reduced by changing
the circuitry. Almost all ultra sonic humidifiers use a 5 K-ohm or 10
K-ohm potentiometer to control the output. By adding a 5 K-ohm or
10 K-ohm resister in series with the potentiometer, the original 'low'
setting becomes the new 'high' setting. The humidity output can be
turned down even lower than originally possible. Simply cut the wire
going to the potentiometer and solder a similar sized resister
(available at Radio Shack) in series. You may need to set the
humidity control above the minimum setting once you make this
modification.
Note that this adaptation is mutually exclusive with Adaptation-21. If
you try to combine them, it won't work.
Advantage:
This drastically reduces the suspended water particles emitted by the
humidifier. However, the big advantage is that the humidifier uses
significantly less water. It is possible to fill up the humidifier and
leave on a trip for 10 days without having to add water.
(29 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Disadvantages:
Complexity is the major disadvantage. The above instructions are
deliberately technical. If reading them doesn't give you enough
information, don't attempt to do this. Find someone to help you. It is
very easy and straight forward for someone that is handy with a
soldering iron
Carl Epling, who first described S. divinorum, reported the newer as having a blue corolla, and it has been illustrated Method Gallery Method Gallery Extraction Gallery Extraction this way in the literature (Epling and Jativa-M, 1962; Schultes, 1976). However, this description has stacker been shown to be an error, as all living specimens of the plant have had blossoms with white corollas and purple calyces (Diaz, 1975a; Emboden, 1979).
ity you can get. You
should be careful not to allow the inside temperature of the terrarium
to get above 80 degrees F. In order to effectively use this adaptation,
your terrarium will need to be in a cool location.
Advantage:
You will be able to generate an extra 5% of humidity over ambient by
using this adaptation.
Disadvantages:
You will increase the temperature inside your terrarium some by
doing this. You can minimize the temperature increase by using a
container to hold the water that is well insulated. You want the water
warm, but you don't want heat leaking any more than necessary into
the terrarium.
(24 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Back to Method 2, Using a Fish Tank Bubblier.
table of contents.
Adaptation-14: Use of Angel Hair to Raise Humidity.
If you are using the fish tank bubblier system to create humidity in
your terrarium, you can place angel hair or anything else that will
slow the bubbles rise in the water container. Simply pack it into the
container. This will increase humidity by several percent. Ideally, you
want to slow the bubbles but also split them into smaller bubbles.
Some plastic versions of steel wool for use washing dishes work well.
Steel wool would work well except that it will rust and get nasty.
Advantage:
You will be able to generate an extra 1% or 2% of humidity over
ambient by using this adaptation.
The smaller the bubbles are and the
more time they spend in the water, the greater the benefit.
Disadvantages:
None.
Back to Method 2, Using a Fish Tank Bubblier
table of contents.
Adaptation-15: Supporting Extra Terrariums with the Ultra
Sonic Humidifier
First, build an extra Growing Chamber. Then on one of the 2 liter
coke bottles, poke an extra hole. Insert a grommet and make this
(25 of 39) [5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
bottle the last stage for drying the air. Even the most basic ultra sonic
humidifier can feed more than one terrarium with sufficient quantities
of humid air to keep everything in the ideal range for the fungus.
Advantage:
You get twice the growing area for your mushrooms.
Your crops can
be twice as big. Alternatively, you can use one terrarium for older
cakes. Older cakes are significantly more likely to become
contaminated and pose a threat to the other cakes in the terrarium.
Moving older cakes to the second terrarium drastically reduces your
chances of a crop failure.
Disadvantages:
You need to build an extra Growing Chamber, and it takes up a little
space.
Back to construction of Ultra Sonic support system.
table of contents.
Adaptation-16: Use of an Ice-Pak to Initiate Fruiting.
You can keep the terrarium's temperature between 80 and 95 degrees
F. If you have a terrarium setup that uses an ultra sonic humidifier,
you can place a reusable, frozen Ice-Pak in the Terrarium. This will
cool everything down ity you can get. You
should be careful not to allow the inside temperature of the terrarium
to get above 80 degrees F. In order to effectively use this adaptation,
your terrarium will need to be in a cool location.
Advantage:
You will be able to generate an extra 5% of humidity over ambient by
using this adaptation.
Disadvantages:
You will increase the temperature inside your terrarium some by
doing this. You can minimize the temperature increase by using a
container to hold the water that is well insulated. You want the water
warm, but you don't want heat leaking any more than necessary into
the terrarium.
(24 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Back to Method 2, Using a Fish Tank Bubblier.
table of contents.
Adaptation-14: Use of Angel Hair to Raise Humidity.
If you are using the fish tank bubblier system to create humidity in
your terrarium, you can place angel hair or anything else that will
slow the bubbles rise in the water container.
Simply pack it into the
container. This will increase humidity by several Macrobiotic Diet percent. Ideally, you
want to slow the bubbles but also split them into smaller bubbles.
Some plastic versions of steel wool for use washing dishes work well.
Steel wool would work well except that it will rust and get nasty.
Advantage:
You will be able to generate an extra 1% or 2% of humidity over
ambient by using this adaptation.
The smaller the bubbles
buy metabolife 356 with ephedra
are and the
more time they spend in the water, the greater the benefit.
Disadvantages:
None.
Back to Method 2, Using a Fish Tank Bubblier
table of contents.
Adaptation-15: Supporting Extra Terrariums with the Ultra
Sonic Humidifier
First, build an extra Growing Chamber. Then on one of the 2 liter
coke bottles, poke an extra hole. Insert a grommet and make
alternative ephedra this
(25 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
bottle the last stage for drying the air. Even the most basic ultra sonic
humidifier can feed more than one terrarium with sufficient quantities
of humid air to keep everything in the ideal range for the fungus.
Advantage:
You get twice the growing area for your mushrooms. Your crops can
be twice as big. Alternatively, you can use one terrarium for older
cakes. Older cakes are significantly more likely to become
contaminated and pose a threat to the other cakes in the terrarium.
Moving older cakes to the second terrarium drastically reduces your
chances of a crop failure.
Disadvantages:
You need to build an extra Growing Chamber, and it takes up a little
space.
Back to construction of Ultra Sonic support system.
table of contents.
Adaptation-16: Use of an Ice-Pak to Initiate Fruiting.
You can keep the terrarium's temperature between 80 and 95 degrees
F. If you have a terrarium setup that uses an ultra sonic humidifier,
you can place a reusable, frozen Ice-Pak in the Terrarium. This will
cool everything down ity you can get. You
should be careful not to allow the inside temperature of the terrarium
to get above 80 degrees F. In order to effectively use this adaptation,
your terrarium will need to be in a cool location.
Advantage:
You will be able to generate an extra 5% of humidity over ambient by
using this adaptation.
Disadvantages:
You will increase the temperature inside your terrarium some by
doing this. You can minimize the temperature increase by using a
container to hold the water that is well insulated. You want the water
warm, but you don't want heat leaking any more than necessary into
the terrarium.
(24 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Back to Method 2, Using a Fish Tank Bubblier.
table of contents.
Adaptation-14: Use of Angel Hair to Raise Humidity.
If you are using the fish tank bubblier system to create humidity in
your terrarium, you can place angel hair or anything else that will
slow the bubbles rise in the water container. Simply pack it into the
container. This will increase humidity by several percent. Ideally, you
want to slow the bubbles but also split them into smaller bubbles.
Some plastic versions of steel wool for use washing dishes work well.
Steel wool would work well except that it will rust and get nasty.
Advantage:
You will be able to generate an extra 1% or 2% of humidity over
ambient by using this adaptation.
The smaller the bubbles are and the
more time they spend in the water, the greater the benefit.
Disadvantages:
None.
Back to Method 2, Using a Fish Tank Bubblier
table of contents.
Adaptation-15: Supporting Extra Terrariums with the Ultra
Sonic Humidifier
First, build an extra Growing Chamber. Then on one of the 2 liter
coke bottles, poke an extra hole. Insert a grommet and make this
(25 of 39) [5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
bottle the
ephedra side effects
last stage for drying the air. Even the most basic ultra sonic
humidifier can feed more than one terrarium with sufficient quantities
of humid air to keep everything in the ideal range for the fungus.
Advantage:
You get twice the growing area for your mushrooms. Your crops can
be twice as big. Alternatively, you can use one terrarium for older
cakes. Older cakes are significantly more likely to become
contaminated and pose a threat to the other cakes in the terrarium.
Moving older cakes to the second terrarium drastically reduces your
chances of a crop failure.
Disadvantages:
You need to build an extra Growing Chamber, and it takes up a little
space.
Back to construction of Ultra Sonic support system.
table of contents.
Adaptation-16: Use of an Ice-Pak to Initiate Fruiting.
You can keep the terrarium's temperature between 80 and 95 degrees
F.
If you have a terrarium setup that uses an ultra sonic humidifier,
you can place a reusable, frozen Ice-Pak in the Terrarium. This will
cool everything down ity you can get. You
should be careful not to allow the inside temperature of the terrarium
to get above 80 degrees F. In order to effectively use this adaptation,
your terrarium will need to be in a cool location.
Advantage:
You will be able to generate an extra 5% of humidity over ambient by
using this adaptation.
Disadvantages:
You will increase the temperature inside your terrarium some by
doing this. You can minimize the temperature increase by using a
container to hold the water that is well insulated. You want the water
warm, but you don't want heat leaking any more than necessary into
the terrarium.
(24 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Back to Method 2, Using a Fish Tank Bubblier.
table of contents.
Adaptation-14: Use of Angel Hair to Raise Humidity.
If you are using the fish tank bubblier system to create humidity in
your terrarium, you can place angel hair or anything else that will
slow the bubbles rise in the water container. Simply pack it into the
container.
This will increase humidity by several percent.
Ideally, you
want to slow the bubbles but also split them into smaller bubbles.
Some plastic versions of steel wool for use washing dishes work well.
Steel wool would work well except that it will rust and get nasty.
Advantage:
You will be able to generate an extra 1% or 2% of humidity over
ambient by using this adaptation. The smaller the bubbles are and the
more time they spend in the water, the greater the benefit.
Disadvantages:
None.
Back to Method 2, Using a Fish Tank Bubblier
table of contents.
Adaptation-15: Supporting Extra Terrariums with the Ultra
Sonic Humidifier
First, build
Detox Diet an extra Growing Chamber.
Then on one of the 2 liter
coke bottles, poke an extra hole. Insert a grommet and make this
(25 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
bottle the last stage for drying the air. Even the most basic ultra sonic
humidifier can feed more than one terrarium with sufficient quantities
of humid air to keep everything in the ideal range for the fungus.
Advantage:
You get twice the growing area for your mushrooms. Your crops can
be twice as big. Alternatively, you can use one terrarium for older
cakes. Older cakes are significantly more likely to become
contaminated and pose a threat to the other cakes in the terrarium.
Moving older cakes to the second terrarium drastically reduces your
chances of a crop failure.
Disadvantages:
You need to build an extra Growing Chamber, and it takes up a little
space.
Back to construction of Ultra Sonic support system.
table of contents.
Adaptation-16: Use of an Ice-Pak to Initiate Fruiting.
You can keep the terrarium's temperature between 80 and 95 degrees
F. If you have a terrarium setup that uses an ultra sonic humidifier,
you can place a reusable, frozen Ice-Pak in the Terrarium. This will
cool everything down ity you can get. You
should be careful not to allow the inside temperature of the terrarium
to get above 80 degrees F. In order to effectively use this adaptation,
your terrarium will need to be in a cool location.
Advantage:
You will be able to generate an extra 5% of humidity over ambient by
using this adaptation.
Disadvantages:
You will increase the temperature inside your terrarium some by
doing this. You can minimize the temperature increase by using a
container to hold the water that is well insulated. You want the water
warm, but you don't want heat leaking any more than necessary into
the terrarium.
(24 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Back to Method 2, Using a Fish Tank Bubblier.
table of contents.
Adaptation-14: Use of Angel Hair to Raise Humidity.
If you are using the fish tank bubblier system to create humidity in
your terrarium, you can place angel hair or anything else that will
slow the bubbles rise in the water container. Simply pack it into the
container. This will increase humidity by several percent. Ideally, you
want to slow the bubbles but also split them into smaller bubbles.
Some plastic versions of steel wool for use washing dishes work well.
Steel wool would work well except that it will rust and get nasty.
Advantage:
You will be able to generate an extra 1% or 2% of humidity over
ambient by using this adaptation. The smaller the bubbles are and the
more time they spend in the water, the greater the benefit.
Disadvantages:
None.
Back to Method 2, Using a Fish Tank Bubblier
table of contents.
Adaptation-15: Supporting Extra Terrariums with the Ultra
Sonic Humidifier
First, build an extra Growing Chamber. Then on one of the 2 liter
coke bottles, poke an extra hole. Insert a grommet and make this
(25 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
bottle the last stage for drying the air. Even the most basic ultra sonic
humidifier can feed more than one terrarium with sufficient quantities
of humid air to keep everything in the ideal range for the fungus.
Advantage:
You get twice the growing area for your mushrooms. Your crops can
be twice as big. Alternatively, you can use one terrarium for older
cakes. Older cakes are significantly more likely to become
contaminated and pose a threat to the other cakes in the terrarium.
Moving older cakes to the second terrarium drastically reduces your
chances of a crop failure.
Disadvantages:
You need to build an extra Growing Chamber, and it takes up a little
space.
Back to construction of Ultra Sonic support system.
table of contents.
Adaptation-16: Use of an Ice-Pak to Initiate Fruiting.
You can keep the terrarium's temperature between 80 and 95 degrees
F. If you have a terrarium setup that uses an ultra sonic humidifier,
you can place a reusable, frozen Ice-Pak in the Terrarium. This will
cool everything down
1 Grams
Digital Scales - UPTO Ephedrine Hci Ephedra Loss Supplement Weight Diabetic Diet Low Fat Diet 400 Gram / 0
Over 5000 years ago ephedra (under the name Ma huang) has been used in Chinese medicine to treat several disorders.
Amongst others asthma and bronchitis were to be treated properly with ephedra. Ephedra comes from a plant that has a few powerful active compounds, of which ephedrine is the most useful.
More information on the chemical connections en the extraction of the active substances is to be read in chemistry.
Over the last few years ephedra has gained much more attention for its side-effects: an increased metabolism, plus the thermeogenic and fat burning qualities that come along with that. This gives the body stimulation and provides energy. Thanks to these qualities ephedra now has a status of weight-loss supplement, smartdrug and sports supplement. A status that has recently become controversial because of the ban on ephedra products in the United States and the Netherlands. Read about the why, when and how in legal?.
The menu parts all contain articles, which were placed in the original English version. Besides we have some users experiences, a users guide, Frequently Asked Questions, links and a forum.
* News *
October 3 , 2005 - Ephedra-free diet pills not risk-free
In a scramble to develop new replacement weight-loss aids, drug manufacturers produced drugs containing extracts of bitter orange. This supplement has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for digestive problems. Studies are finding these new ephedra-free diet pills carry some side effects that are similar to ephedra products.
This botanical contains a compound similar to ephedra, called synephrine. Both of these compounds stimulate the central nervous system and are thought to increase the metabolism. Also both raise blood pressure and heart rate, according to research on Advantra Z and Xenadrine EFX at the University of California, San Francisco.
Dr. Christine Haller, lead author of the University of California, San Francisco study, points out that little research has been done to determine whether or not these new ephedra-free diet pills are safe or effective. She says the main concern about these new diet pills is the risk they pose to people with elevated blood pressure and conditions like diabetes: two medical conditions which are common in overweight and obese individuals.
“This does indicate that people should use caution when using these ephedra-free diet drugs]” Haller says.
In 1927, the U.S. medical community began to use ephedrine, which is the
active ingredient in ma haung, to open bronchial passages in patients with
asthma.
As the supplies of
Ephedra vulgaris
began to dwindle, pharmaceutical
companies began to search for a synthetic alternative. Amphetamine was first
synthesized in 1887, but because there was very little interest in it, the substance
went unnoticed until it became the alternative to ephedrine (Feldman
et al., 1997). By the 1930s, all the major effects of amphetamine were known.
While researOver 5000 years ago ephedra (under the name Ma huang) has been used in Chinese medicine to treat several disorders. Amongst others asthma and bronchitis were to be treated properly with ephedra. Ephedra comes from a plant that has a few powerful active compounds, of which ephedrine is the most useful. More information on the chemical connections en the extraction of the active substances is to be read in chemistry.
Over the last few years ephedra has gained much more attention for its side-effects: an increased metabolism, plus the thermeogenic and fat burning qualities that come along with that. This gives the body stimulation and provides energy. Thanks to these qualities ephedra now has a status of weight-loss supplement, smartdrug and sports supplement. A status that has recently become controversial because of the ban on ephedra products in the United States and the Netherlands. Read about the why, when and how in legal?.
The menu parts all contain articles, which were placed in the original English version. Besides we have some users experiences, a users guide, Frequently Asked Questions, links and a forum.
* News *
October 3 , 2005 - Ephedra-free diet pills not risk-free
In a scramble to develop new replacement weight-loss aids, drug manufacturers produced drugs containing extracts of bitter orange. This supplement has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for digestive problems. Studies are finding these new ephedra-free diet pills carry some side effects that are similar to ephedra products.
This botanical contains a compound similar to ephedra, called synephrine. Both of these compounds stimulate the central nervous system and are thought to increase the metabolism. Also both raise blood pressure and heart rate, according to research on Advantra Z and Xenadrine EFX at the University of California, San Francisco.
Dr. Christine Haller, lead author of the University of California, San Francisco study, points out that little research has been done to determine Efedrin whether or not these new ephedra-free diet pills are safe or effective. She says the main concern about these new diet pills is the risk they pose to people with elevated blood pressure and conditions like diabetes: two medical conditions which are common in overweight and obese individuals.
“This does indicate that people should use caution when using these ephedra-free diet drugs]” Haller says.
In 1927, the U.S. medical community began to use ephedrine, which is the
active ingredient in ma haung, to open bronchial passages in patients with
asthma. As the supplies of
Ephedra vulgaris
began to dwindle, pharmaceutical
companies began to search for a synthetic alternative. Amphetamine was first
synthesized in 1887, but because there was very little interest in it, the substance
went unnoticed until it became the alternative to ephedrine (Feldman
et al., 1997).
By the 1930s, all the major effects of amphetamine were known.
While researOver 5000 years ago ephedra (under the name Ma huang) has been used in Chinese medicine to treat several disorders. Amongst others asthma and bronchitis were to be treated properly with ephedra. Ephedra comes from a plant that has a few powerful active compounds, of which ephedrine is the most useful. More information on the chemical connections en the extraction of the active substances is to be read in chemistry.
Over the last few years ephedra has gained much more attention for its side-effects: an increased metabolism, plus the thermeogenic and fat burning qualities that come along with that. This gives the body stimulation and provides energy. Thanks to these qualities ephedra now has a status of weight-loss supplement, smartdrug and sports supplement. A status that has recently become controversial because of the ban on ephedra products in the United States and the Netherlands. Read about the why, when and how in legal?.
The menu parts Does It Work all contain articles, which were placed in the original English version. Besides we have some users experiences, a users guide, Frequently Asked Questions, links and a forum.
* News *
October 3 , 2005 - Ephedra-free diet pills not risk-free
In a scramble to develop new replacement weight-loss aids, drug manufacturers produced drugs containing extracts of bitter orange. This supplement has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for digestive problems. Studies are finding these new ephedra-free diet pills carry some side effects that are similar to ephedra products.
This botanical contains a compound similar to ephedra, called synephrine. Both of these compounds stimulate the central nervous system and are thought to increase the metabolism. Also both raise blood pressure and heart rate, according to research on Advantra Z and Xenadrine EFX at the University of California, San Francisco.
Dr. Christine Haller, lead author of the University of California, San Francisco study, points out that little research has been done to determine whether or not these new ephedra-free diet pills are safe or effective. She says the main concern about these new diet pills is the risk they pose to people with elevated blood pressure and conditions like diabetes: two medical conditions which are common in overweight and obese individuals.
“This does indicate that people should use caution [when using these ephedra-free diet drugs” Haller says.
In 1927, the U.S. medical community began to use ephedrine, which is the
active ingredient in ma haung, to open bronchial passages in patients with
asthma. As the supplies of
Ephedra vulgaris
began to dwindle, pharmaceutical
companies began to search for a synthetic alternative. Amphetamine was first
synthesized in 1887, but because there was very little interest in it, the substance
went unnoticed until it became the alternative to ephedrine (Feldman
et al., 1997).
By the 1930s, all the major effects of amphetamine were known.
While researOver 5000 years ago ephedra (under the name Ma huang) has been used in Chinese medicine to treat several disorders. Amongst others asthma and bronchitis were to be treated properly with ephedra. Ephedra comes from a plant that has a few powerful active compounds, of which ephedrine is the most useful. More information on the chemical connections en the extraction of the active substances is to be read in chemistry.
Over the last few years ephedra has gained much more attention for its side-effects: an increased metabolism, plus the thermeogenic and fat burning qualities that come along with that. This gives the body stimulation and provides energy. Thanks to these qualities ephedra now has a status of weight-loss supplement, smartdrug and sports supplement. A status that has recently become controversial because of the ban on ephedra products in the United States and the Netherlands. Read about the why, when and how in legal?.
The menu parts all contain articles, which were placed in the original English version. Besides we have some users experiences, a users guide, Frequently Asked Questions, links and a forum.
* News *
October 3 , 2005 - Ephedra-free diet pills not risk-free
In a scramble to develop new replacement weight-loss aids, drug manufacturers produced drugs containing extracts of bitter orange. This supplement has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for digestive problems. Studies are finding these new ephedra-free diet pills carry some side effects that are similar to ephedra products.
This botanical contains a compound similar to ephedra, called synephrine. Both of these compounds stimulate the central nervous system and are thought to increase the metabolism. Also both raise blood pressure and heart rate, according to research on Advantra Z and Xenadrine EFX at the University of California, San Francisco.
Dr.
Christine Haller, lead author of the University of California, San Francisco study, points out that little research has been done to determine whether or not these new ephedra-free diet pills are safe or effective. She says the main concern about these new diet pills is the risk they pose to people with elevated blood pressure and conditions like diabetes: two medical conditions which are common in overweight and obese individuals.
“This does indicate that people should use caution when using these ephedra-free diet drugs” Haller says.
In 1927, the U.S. medical community began to use ephedrine, which is the
active ingredient in ma haung, to open bronchial passages in patients with
asthma.
As the supplies of
Ephedra vulgaris
began to dwindle, pharmaceutical
companies began to search for a synthetic alternative. Amphetamine was first
synthesized in 1887, but because there was very little interest in it, the substance
went unnoticed until it became the alternative to ephedrine (Feldman
et al., 1997). By the 1930s, all the major effects of amphetamine were known.
While resear
Ephedra as a 'smart' drug and energizer
Ephedra or Ma Huang contains the active compound ephedrine. Ephedrine stimulates the central nervous system and provides energy and increases alertness. A higher dose ephedra gives a nice tingling sensation over the head but also on the rest of your body. Ephedra acts a bit like XTC, only milder in its action and less speedy. Ephedra does give the same emphatic feeling as XTC does.
Ephedra and sex
The emphatic feelings and the energy makes ephedra suitable as love enhancer. Although some people claim they get to nervous and restless. So you should test this for yourself.
How to use Ephedra
The best way to take ephedra is in a capsule, but you can also make tea of the ephedra (ma huang) herb. After a certain point taking a higher dose ephedra does not intensify the trip, only taking cafein or guarana might help then. A single dose Ephedra is effective for 6 to10 hours. In the articles below you can find more information on how ephedra works as energizer.
Ephedra
General information about the qualities of ephedra from the Herbal Information Center.
Ephedrine As Amphetamine And Party-drug
Informative article on how ephedra can be an alternative for chemical party-drugs.
Home Alternatives
FAQ FDA on ephedra
Laws Diet Drugs
Links Public Forum
News Patented Formulas
Opinion Good Karma
ephedra.com
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For an extensive selection of ephedra
alternatives, check out
DiscounterUSA.com
Ephedra Home ephedra.com provides unbiased information regarding the herb ephedra.
ephedra.com does not promote the use of, or the safety of ephedra.
Great news for those wanting to buy ephedra!
A Federal judge struck down the ban on ephedra (news) and
has restored your freedom of choice to be able to buy it!
ephedra is now available again!
Because ephedra.com does not sell, promote the use or safety of ephedra,
Click here to be taken to a site that sells ephedra.
(ephedra.com has not validated the reliability of the site linked above and accepts no responsibility for orders placed through that or any other site.)
Ephedra (also known as Ma huang, Chinese Ephedra and epitonin) is the worlds oldest medicine. The Chinese discovered ephedra more than 5000 years ago. Research has shown that ephedra increases metabolism and helps promote weight loss, relaxes the air passages in the lungs to help treat asthma and cough, promotes perspiration to help a person recover from a minor cold and helps promote urination to help relieve edema.
Ephedra has been widely researched for its thermogenic (fat burning) properties. Research has show that ephedra helps promote the loss of fat while helping spare lean muscle tissue, a highly sought-after property that prescription diet medications still have not been able to reproduce.
Herbal Phen-Fen, a popular herbal formulation used f
Ephedra as a 'smart' drug and energizer
Ephedra or Ma Huang contains the active compound ephedrine. Ephedrine stimulates the central nervous system and provides energy and increases alertness. A higher dose ephedra gives a nice tingling sensation over the head but also on the rest of your body. Ephedra acts a bit like XTC, only milder in its action and less speedy. Ephedra does give the same emphatic feeling as XTC does.
Ephedra and sex
The emphatic feelings and the energy makes ephedra suitable as love enhancer. Although some people claim they get to nervous and restless. So you should test this for yourself.
How to use Ephedra
The best way to take ephedra is in a capsule, but you can also make tea of the ephedra (ma huang) herb. After a certain point taking a higher dose ephedra does not intensify the trip, only taking cafein or guarana might help then. A single dose Ephedra is effective for 6 to10 hours. In the articles below you can find more information on how ephedra works as energizer.
Ephedra
General information about the qualities of ephedra from the Herbal Information Center.
Ephedrine As Amphetamine And Party-drug
Informative article on how ephedra can be an alternative for chemical party-drugs.
Home Alternatives
FAQ FDA on ephedra
Laws Diet Drugs
Links Public Forum
News Patented Formulas
Opinion Good Karma
ephedra.com
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For an extensive selection of ephedra
alternatives, check out
DiscounterUSA.com
Ephedra Home ephedra.com provides unbiased information regarding the herb ephedra.
ephedra.com does not promote the use of, or the safety of ephedra.
Great news for those wanting to buy ephedra!
A Federal judge struck down the ban on ephedra (news) and
has restored your freedom of choice to be able to buy it!
ephedra is now available again!
Because ephedra.com does not sell, promote the use or safety of ephedra,
Click here to be taken to a site that sells ephedra.
(ephedra.com has not validated the reliability of the site linked above and accepts no responsibility for orders placed through that or any other site.)
Ephedra (also known as Ma huang, Chinese Ephedra and epitonin) is the worlds oldest medicine. The Chinese discovered ephedra more than 5000 years ago. Research has shown that ephedra increases metabolism and helps promote weight loss, relaxes the air passages in the lungs to help treat asthma and cough, promotes perspiration to help a person recover from a minor cold and helps promote urination to help relieve edema.
Ephedra has been widely researched for its thermogenic (fat burning) properties. Research has show that ephedra helps promote the loss of fat while helping spare lean muscle tissue, a highly sought-after property that prescription diet medications still have not been able to reproduce.
Herbal Phen-Fen, a popular herbal formulation used f
and let the rice cakes slowly shift through the
fruiting temperature range. Note that everything else must be right.
The rice cake must have a fully developed mycelium network and
there must be light. The Ice-Pak should be placed between 1/4 and 1/2
inch from the rice cakes. A flat Ice-Pak will work, but if you have the
option, get one that is designed to slip into the center of a six-pak. It
will have circular indents molded into each side and it will conform to
the shape of the rice cakes better. If everything was ready, you should
see pin heads develop 3 or 4 days after you perform this adaptation. If
you don't see any develop after 3 or 4 days, you can repeat this
(26 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
operation again. The networks may not have been developed full
enough and the few days since the last attempt may have been enough
time to change this fact.
Advantage:
You can still initiate prolific flushes with the terrarium above the
normal temperature range. The optimum temperature for growing
mushrooms is higher than what is necessary to initiate new
mushrooms and is between 80 and 90 degrees F. This adaptation can
let the cultivator grow at the maximum rate, and still produce new
mushrooms on the cakes.
Disadvantages:
The Ice-Pak will lower the humidity in the terrarium. Mostly, this is
an issue when you have mushrooms on cakes that are part way
through the growing cycle and not ready to harvest. They will usually
survive the bad growing conditions for the six hours it takes the Ice-
Pak to initiate fruiting, but they will suffer for it. You need to have an
ultra sonic humidifier setup on your terrarium. Nothing else will be
able to keep the humidity high enough. You can turn the humidity
control up a little, but you will have to continue to adjust it down as
the Ice-Pak loses its cool. If too much moisture forms on the cakes, it
will prevent the initiation of pin heads and that was the whole purpose
of this operation.
Back to the Growing Cycle.
table of contents.
Adaptation-17: Adding Moisture to the Rice Cake.
After a cake has produced several mushrooms you can add moisture
to it. Flame sterilize a 3/16 inch drill bit. Let it cool. Use it to drill a
hole at the center of the cake. You can do this by hand. You do not
need a drill. Do not go all the way through the cake, but drill a deep
(27 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
reservoir into the cake. Cut a plastic straw to 4 inches in length. Insert
the straw 1/2 inch into the hole. The straw should fit tightly in the
cake. Straws from McDonalds are larger than most and work well.
They seal well and hold more water. Fill the straw with water daily. A
10 cc. syringe works well to fill the straws with water. You should
wait to drill the hole until the cake has produced some mushrooms
because the inside of the rice
ia
Hoodia is THE all natural appetite suppressant that
Ban Ephedra Overturned helps you lose weight the natural and healthy way. In clinical trials, participants lost an average of 10 pounds in 28 days! Hoodia contains a molecule that fools your brain in to thinking that you are full and not hungry.
Hoodia is all natural, contains no ephedra or caffeine and has no known side effects. Hoodia does not stimulate the body. In fact, scientists say it fools the brain by making you think you're full, even if you've just eaten a morsel.
Hoodia is an
Phentermine Diet Fast Weight Loss Diet organic diet pill that comes from the Hoodia Gordonii cactus.
The the ancient San Bushmen ate the Hoodia cactus for hydration and sustenance on long journeys through the arid terrain.
Main active ingredients:
DEXL 10-Hoodia Gordonii stem 500 mg*
ms
Zantrex-3
Some news that makes some pretty bold statements about Zantrex-3
"...Zantrex-3 is the number one diet pill because it was the first and only non-ephedra formula with a kick... Increasing energy is just as important as producing rapid weight loss for dieters, and that's why ephedra was so popular... Zantrex-3's patented weight loss/energy combination, sales are set to exceed 5,000,000 bottles worldwide... Zantrex-3 simply delivers more weight loss and provides more energy than any diet pill on the market -- even those containing ephedra."
Main active ingredients:
*Zantrek-3 Blend: yerba mate, caffeine, guarana
Lipodrene With Ephedra seed, damiana, schizonepeta, green tea, piper nigum, tibetan ginseng, panax ginseng, maca root, cocoa nut, kola nut, thea sinesis complex.
ms
TrimSpa EF
TrimSpa EF (ephedra free) works to help you lose weight and increase your energy level without the use
Ban Ephedra Overturned of ingredients that may counteract your medication or sensitive metabolism. Trimspa EF contains powerful ingredients which can jump-start the weight loss process… helping you on your way to achieving the sexy-slim body of your dreams. Add it up… reduced cravings… a feeling of satisfaction and fullness… high-powered fat burning… and accelerated breakdown of fats.
Main active
Buying Ephedra
ingredients:
Chromium, Vanadium, Glucomannan, Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose, Citrus narginine, Glucosamine HCL, Cocoa Extract (phenyethylamine, tyramine and theobromine), Green Tea Extract (epigallocatechin gallate, polyphenols and caffeine), Hoodia gordonii cactus
as
Stacker 2 Ephedra Free
Main active ingredients:
Citrus aurantium (from fruit supplying 6 mg synephrine), cassia nomane extract, kola nut extract from seeds supplying
Ban Ephedra Overturned 200 mg caffeine), white willow bark, chromium picolinate
ms
Xenadrine EFX
Main active ingredients:
Tyroplex™ (proprietary blend of l-tyrosine and acetyl-l-tyrosine), Green Tea Extract, Seropro™ (proprietary cocoa extract standardized for PEA (phenylethylamine), tyramine and theobromine), Yerba Mate, di-Methionine, Ginger Root, Isotherm™ (proprietary blend of quercetin and fisetin), Bitter Orange, DMAE (2-dimethylaminoethanol), Grape Seed Extract
ms
Metabolic Thyrolean
Ephedra as weight loss supplement
Ephedra reduces appetite and stimulates fat metabolism, making it very effective as weight-loss supplement. The active compound in Ephedra (Ma Huang) is ephedrine. Ephedrine increases the metabolic rate, so that your body burns fats and sugar more efficiently. By mobilizing stored fat and carbohydrate reserves, ephedrine reduces your appetite.
The best way to keep unwanted weight off remains reducing your food intake and increasing your daily physical activity. While ephedra is no wonder drug, it can be a valuable aid in helping you get though your chosen diet and exercise regimen. Please read the articles below for more information.
Controlled Burn: How Ephedrine-based Fat-burners Work And How You Can Use Them Properly
What's new when using ephedra to lose weight.
Herbal Ephedrine Shows Promise
Research has proven the fatburning qualities of ephedra herb.
Ask The Herbalist: Is ephedra (Ma Huang) Safe And Effective?
Some tips about losing weight with ephedra.
Ephedra, What Is This Herb? -Weight Loss Aid
Extended article on losing weight with ephedra, and effective combinations with other substances.
ure to cool,
then pour it into a sep funnel. Wash the ethyl acetate solution with 50
ml of water to recover the lithium iodide into the water solution.
Separate off the water layer, and evaporate the water to recover the
lithium iodide for reuse. The ethyl acetate solution should be dried
over some anhydrous sodium sulfate, then the ethyl acetate evaporated
off to give about 20 grams of 2,4,5-trimethoxyphenlyacetone. This
light-sensitive substance should be stored in the freezer.
90
12 Studies On The Production OfTMA-2
91
Method Two
Acetonitrile is a quite poisonous solvent, dangerous both in
inhalation from the fizzing electrochemical cell and by absorption
through the skin. It has been my experience that just spilling a little bit of
it on your skin is enough to give you head rushes and make you feel
uncomfortable. The use of acetonitrile can be avoided without loss of
yield by using the alternative procedure in Example 6 in the patent.
The electrochemical cell is constructed in exactly the same way as in
the first method. Then into the electrochemical cell put 400 ml of
dimethylformamide, 200 ml of water containing 27 grams NaBr, and 20
grams asarone. Check the level of the solution, and make sure that the
amount of electrode surfaces are the same as in the first method. Then
begin stirring, and pass the current through the solution exactly as in the
first method.
When the 24,000 coulombs have been passed, pour the contents of
the beaker into a sep funnel, dilute with 1000 ml of a 20% solution of
salt in water, and extract four times with 200 ml portions of ethyl
acetate. The combined extracts, amounting to 800 ml, should be
washed twice with 200 ml portions of a 20% solution of salt in water.
The ethyl acetate solution contains the product epoxide. It should be
evaporated under a vacuum to a volume of about 200 ml, then reacted
with lithium iodide just as in the first method to yield about 20 grams of
2,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetone.
Recycling of solvents is possible with this method too. Ethyl
acetate can be recovered during the vacuum evaporation by use of a
dry-ice trap. The dimethyl-formamide can be recovered by vacuum
distillation.
The Journal Method
A very effective alternative method exists for converting propenyl
benzenes to phenylacetones. I know through mail received from the
reading public that this method gives a yield of about 80% when used
Practical LSD Manufacture
92
with isosafrole. Similar results can be expected when used with
asarone.
In spite of the high yields and simplicity of this reaction, I can't
recommend its use. That's because this procedure uses thallium(III)
nitrate to oxidize the propenylbenzene to the corresponding
phenylacetone. The thallium(III) nitrate gets reduced to thallium(I)
nitrate. Both of these heavy-metal compounds are very poisonous and,
unlike organic chemicals, the heavy metals persist forever in the
environment, and accumulate in the body. You wa ia
Hoodia is THE all natural appetite suppressant that helps you lose weight the natural and healthy way. In clinical trials, participants lost an average of 10 pounds in 28 days! Hoodia contains a molecule that fools your brain in to thinking that you are full and not hungry. Hoodia is all natural, contains no ephedra or caffeine and has no known side effects. Hoodia does not stimulate the body. In fact, scientists say it fools the brain by making you think you're full, even if you've just eaten a morsel. Hoodia is an organic diet pill that comes from the Hoodia Gordonii cactus. The the ancient San Bushmen ate the Hoodia cactus for hydration and sustenance on long journeys through the arid terrain.
Main active ingredients:
DEXL 10-Hoodia Gordonii stem 500 mg*
ms
Zantrex-3
Some news that makes some pretty bold statements about Zantrex-3
"...Zantrex-3 is the number one diet pill because it was the first and only non-ephedra formula with a kick... Increasing energy is just as important as producing rapid weight loss for dieters, and that's why ephedra was so popular... Zantrex-3's patented weight loss/energy combination, sales are set to exceed 5,000,000 bottles worldwide... Zantrex-3 simply delivers more weight loss and provides more energy than any diet pill on the market -- even those containing ephedra."
Main active ingredients:
*Zantrek-3 Blend: yerba mate, caffeine, guarana seed, damiana, schizonepeta, green tea, piper nigum, tibetan ginseng, panax ginseng, maca root, cocoa nut, kola nut, thea sinesis complex.
ms
TrimSpa EF
TrimSpa EF (ephedra free) works to help you lose weight and increase your energy level without the use of ingredients that may counteract your medication or sensitive metabolism. Trimspa EF contains powerful ingredients which can jump-start the weight loss process… helping you on your way to achieving the sexy-slim body of your dreams. Add it up… reduced cravings… a feeling of satisfaction and fullness… high-powered fat burning… and accelerated breakdown of fats.
Main active ingredients:
Chromium, Vanadium, Glucomannan, Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose, Citrus narginine, Glucosamine HCL, Cocoa Extract (phenyethylamine, tyramine and theobromine), Green Tea Extract (epigallocatechin gallate, polyphenols and caffeine), Hoodia gordonii cactus
as
Stacker 2 Ephedra Free
Main active ingredients:
Citrus aurantium (from fruit supplying 6 mg synephrine), cassia nomane extract, kola nut extract from seeds supplying 200 mg caffeine), white willow bark, chromium picolinate
ms
Xenadrine EFX
Main active ingredients:
Tyroplex™ (proprietary blend of l-tyrosine and acetyl-l-tyrosine), Green Tea Extract, Seropro™ (proprietary cocoa extract standardized for PEA (phenylethylamine), tyramine and theobromine), Yerba Mate, di-Methionine, Ginger Root, Isotherm™ (proprietary blend of quercetin and fisetin), Bitter Orange, DMAE (2-dimethylaminoethanol), Grape Seed Extract
ms
Metabolic Thyrolean
Ephedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in the family Ephedraceae and order Ephedrales. These plants occur in dry climates over a wide area mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, across southern Europe, north Africa, southwest and central Asia, southwestern North America, and, in the Southern Hemisphere, in South America south to Patagonia. They are also called Joint-pine, Jointfir, or Mormon-tea. The Chinese name is 麻黄, ma huang, which means "yellow hemp". Ephedra is also sometimes called sea grape (from the French raisin de mer), although that is also a common name for Coccoloba uvifera.
edit]
Species
The following list of species is from the Gymnosperm Database page for Ephedra.
Ephedra alata Decne
Ephedra altissima Desf.
Ephedra antisyphilitica Berl. ex C.A.Meyer - Clapweed, Erect Ephedra
Ephedra aspera Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Boundary Ephedra, Pitamoreal
Ephedra californica S.Wats. - California Ephedra, California Jointfir
Ephedra coryi E.
L.
Reed - Cory's Ephedra
Ephedra cutleri Peebles - Navajo Ephedra, Cutler's Ephedra, Cutler Mormon-tea, Cutler's Jointfir
Ephedra distachya L. - Joint-pine, Jointfir
Ephedra distachya subsp.
helvetica (C.
A.
Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra equisetina Bunge - Ma huang
Ephedra fasciculata A.Nels. - Arizona Ephedra, Arizona Jointfir, Desert Mormon-tea
Ephedra fedtschenkoae Pauls.
Ephedra fragilis Desf.
Ephedra fragilis subsp.
campylopoda (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra frustillata Miers - Patagonian Ephedra
Ephedra funerea Coville & Morton - Death Valley Ephedra, Death Valley Jointfir
Ephedra gerardiana Wallich ex C.A.Meyer - Gerard's Jointfir, Shan Ling Ma Huang
Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex C.
A.
Meyer
Ephedra lepidosperma C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra likiangensis Florin
Ephedra macedonica Kos.
Ephedra major Host
Ephedra major subsp. procera Fischer & C.
A.
Meyer
Ephedra minuta Florin
Ephedra monosperma C.A.Meyer
Ephedra viridis in western NevadaEphedra nevadensis S.Wats. - Nevada Ephedra, Nevada Jointfir, Nevada Mormon-tea
Ephedra pedunculata Engelm.
ex
Ephedra Based Product S.Wats. - Vine Ephedra, Vine Jointfir
Ephedra przewalskii Stapf
Ephedra przewalskii var. kaschgarica (B.Fedtsch. & Bobr.) C.
Y.
Cheng
Ephedra regeliana Florin - Xi Zi Ma Huang
Ephedra saxatilis (Stapf) Royle ex Florin
Ephedra sinica Stapf - Ma Huang, Chinese ephedra
Ephedra torreyana S.Wats. - Torrey's Ephedra, Torrey's Jointfir, Torrey's Mormon-tea, Cañutillo
Stackers 2 Ephedra Supercaps
Ephedra trifurca Torrey ex S.
Wats.
- Longleaf Ephedra, Longleaf Jointfir, Longleaf Mormon-tea, Popotilla, Teposote
Ephedra viridis Coville - Green Ephedra, Green Mormon-tea
[edit]
Uses and health concerns
Ephedra distachyaThese plants have traditionally been used by indigenous people for a variety of medicinal purposes, and are a likely candidate for the Soma plant of Indo-Iranian religion. The alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are the active constituents of the plant. Some species in the Ephedra genus have zero alEphedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in the family Ephedraceae and order Ephedrales. These plants occur in dry climates over a wide area mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, across southern Europe, north Africa, southwest and central Asia,
Ephedra Based Product
southwestern North America, and, in the Southern Hemisphere, in South America south to Patagonia. They are also called Joint-pine, Jointfir, or Mormon-tea. The Chinese name is 麻黄, ma huang, which means "yellow hemp". Ephedra is also sometimes called sea grape (from the French raisin de mer), although that is also a common name for Coccoloba uvifera.
edit]
Species
The following list of species is from the Gymnosperm Database page for Ephedra.
Ephedra alata Decne
Ephedra altissima Desf.
Ephedra antisyphilitica Berl. ex C.A.Meyer - Clapweed, Erect Ephedra
Ephedra aspera Engelm.
ex S.
Wats.
- Boundary Ephedra, Pitamoreal
Ephedra californica S.
Wats.
- California Ephedra, California Jointfir
Ephedra coryi E.L.Reed - Cory's Ephedra
Ephedra cutleri Peebles - Navajo Ephedra, Cutler's Ephedra, Cutler Mormon-tea, Cutler's Jointfir
Ephedra distachya L. - Joint-pine, Jointfir
Ephedra distachya subsp. helvetica (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra equisetina Bunge - Ma huang
Ephedra fasciculata A.Nels. - Arizona Ephedra, Arizona Jointfir, Desert Mormon-tea
Ephedra fedtschenkoae Pauls.
Ephedra fragilis Desf.
Ephedra fragilis subsp. campylopoda (C.
A.
Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra frustillata Miers - Patagonian Ephedra
Ephedra funerea Coville & Morton - Death Valley Ephedra, Death Valley Jointfir
Ephedra gerardiana Wallich ex C.A.Meyer - Gerard's Jointfir, Shan Ling Ma Huang
Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex C.A.Meyer
Ephedra lepidosperma C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra likiangensis Florin
Ephedra macedonica Kos.
Ephedra major Host
Ephedra major subsp. procera Fischer & C.
A.
Meyer
Ephedra minuta Florin
Ephedra monosperma C.A.Meyer
Ephedra viridis in western NevadaEphedra nevadensis S.Wats. - Nevada Ephedra, Nevada Jointfir, Nevada Mormon-tea
Ephedra pedunculata Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Vine Ephedra, Vine Jointfir
Ephedra przewalskii Stapf
Ephedra przewalskii var. kaschgarica (B.Fedtsch. & Bobr.) C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra regeliana Florin - Xi Zi Ma Huang
Ephedra saxatilis (Stapf) Royle ex Florin
Ephedra sinica Stapf - Ma Huang, Chinese ephedra
Ephedra torreyana S.Wats. - Torrey's Ephedra, Torrey's Jointfir, Torrey's Mormon-tea, Cañutillo
Ephedra trifurca Torrey ex S.Wats. - Longleaf Ephedra, Longleaf Jointfir, Longleaf Mormon-tea, Popotilla, Teposote
Ephedra viridis Coville - Green Ephedra, Green Mormon-tea
edit]
Uses and health concerns
Ephedra distachyaThese plants have traditionally been used by indigenous people for a variety of medicinal purposes, and are a likely candidate for the Soma plant of Indo-Iranian religion. The alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are the active constituents of the plant. Some species in the Ephedra genus have zero alEphedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in the family Ephedraceae and order Ephedrales. These plants occur in dry climates over a wide area mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, across southern Europe, north Africa, southwest and central Asia, southwestern North America, and, in the Southern Hemisphere, in South America south to Patagonia. They are also called Joint-pine, Jointfir, or Mormon-tea. The Chinese name is 麻黄, ma huang, which means "yellow hemp". Ephedra is also sometimes called sea grape (from the French raisin de mer), although that is also a common name for Coccoloba uvifera.
[edit
Species
The following list of species is from the Gymnosperm Database page for Ephedra.
Ephedra alata Decne
Ephedra altissima Desf.
Ephedra antisyphilitica Berl. ex C.
A.
Meyer - Clapweed, Erect Ephedra
Ephedra aspera Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Boundary Ephedra, Pitamoreal
Ephedra californica S.Wats. - California Ephedra, California Jointfir
Ephedra coryi E.L.Reed - Cory's Ephedra
Ephedra cutleri Peebles - Navajo Ephedra, Cutler's Ephedra, Cutler Mormon-tea, Cutler's Jointfir
Ephedra distachya L. - Joint-pine, Jointfir
Ephedra distachya subsp. helvetica (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra equisetina Bunge - Ma huang
Ephedra fasciculata A.Nels. - Arizona Ephedra, Arizona Jointfir, Desert Mormon-tea
Ephedra fedtschenkoae Pauls.
Ephedra fragilis Desf.
Ephedra fragilis subsp. campylopoda (C.
A.
Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra frustillata Miers - Patagonian Ephedra
Ephedra funerea Coville & Morton - Death Valley Ephedra, Death Valley Jointfir
Ephedra gerardiana Wallich ex C.A.Meyer - Gerard's Jointfir, Shan Ling Ma Huang
Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex C.
A.
Meyer
Ephedra lepidosperma C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra likiangensis Florin
Ephedra macedonica Kos.
Ephedra major Host
Ephedra major subsp. procera Fischer & C.
A.
Meyer
Ephedra minuta Florin
Ephedra monosperma C.
A.
Meyer
Ephedra viridis in western NevadaEphedra nevadensis S.Wats. - Nevada Ephedra, Nevada Jointfir, Nevada Mormon-tea
Ephedra pedunculata Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Vine Ephedra, Vine Jointfir
Ephedra przewalskii Stapf
Ephedra przewalskii var. kaschgarica (B.Fedtsch. & Bobr.) C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra regeliana Florin - Xi Zi Ma Huang
Ephedra saxatilis (Stapf) Royle ex Florin
Ephedra sinica Stapf - Ma Huang, Chinese ephedra
Ephedra torreyana S.Wats. - Torrey's Ephedra, Torrey's Jointfir, Torrey's Mormon-tea, Cañutillo
Ephedra trifurca Torrey ex S.Wats. - Longleaf Ephedra, Longleaf Jointfir, Longleaf Mormon-tea, Popotilla, Teposote
Ephedra viridis Coville - Green Ephedra, Green Mormon-tea
edit
Uses and health concerns
Ephedra distachyaThese plants have traditionally been used by indigenous people for a variety of medicinal purposes, and are a likely candidate for the Soma plant of Indo-Iranian religion. The alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are the active constituents of the plant.
Some species in the Ephedra genus have zero alEphedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in the family Ephedraceae and order Ephedrales. These plants occur in dry climates over a wide area mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, across southern Europe, north Africa, southwest and central Asia, southwestern North America, and, in the Southern Hemisphere, in South America south to Patagonia. They are also called Joint-pine, Jointfir, or Mormon-tea.
The Chinese name is 麻黄, ma huang, which means "yellow hemp". Ephedra is also sometimes called sea grape (from the French raisin de mer), although that is also a common name for Coccoloba uvifera.
edit
Species
The following list of species is from the Gymnosperm Database page for Ephedra.
Ephedra alata Decne
Ephedra altissima Desf.
Ephedra antisyphilitica Berl. ex C.A.Meyer - Clapweed, Erect Ephedra
Ephedra aspera Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Boundary Ephedra, Pitamoreal
Ephedra californica S.Wats. - California Ephedra, California Jointfir
Ephedra coryi E.L.Reed - Cory's Ephedra
Ephedra cutleri Peebles - Navajo Ephedra, Cutler's Ephedra, Cutler Mormon-tea, Cutler's Jointfir
Ephedra distachya L. - Joint-pine, Jointfir
Ephedra distachya subsp. helvetica (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra equisetina Bunge - Ma huang
Ephedra fasciculata A.Nels. - Arizona Ephedra, Arizona Jointfir, Desert Mormon-tea
Ephedra fedtschenkoae Pauls.
Ephedra fragilis Desf.
Ephedra fragilis subsp.
campylopoda (C.A.Meyer) Aschers.
& Graebn.
Ephedra frustillata Miers - Patagonian Ephedra
Ephedra funerea Coville & Morton - Death Valley Ephedra, Death Valley Jointfir
Ephedra gerardiana Wallich ex C.A.Meyer - Gerard's Jointfir, Shan Ling Ma Huang
Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex C.A.Meyer
Ephedra lepidosperma C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra likiangensis Florin
Ephedra macedonica Kos.
Ephedra major Host
Ephedra major subsp. procera Fischer & C.A.Meyer
Ephedra minuta Florin
Ephedra monosperma C.A.Meyer
Ephedra viridis in western NevadaEphedra nevadensis S.Wats.
Ephedra Based Product - Nevada Ephedra, Nevada Jointfir, Nevada Mormon-tea
Ephedra pedunculata Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Vine Ephedra, Vine Jointfir
Ephedra przewalskii Stapf
Ephedra przewalskii var. kaschgarica (B.
Fedtsch.
& Bobr.) C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra Fat
Ephedra regeliana Florin - Xi Zi Ma Huang
Ephedra saxatilis (Stapf) Royle ex Florin
Ephedra sinica Stapf - Ma Huang, Chinese ephedra
Ephedra torreyana S.
Wats.
- Torrey's Ephedra, Torrey's Jointfir, Torrey's Mormon-tea, Cañutillo
Ephedra trifurca Torrey ex S.Wats. - Longleaf Ephedra, Longleaf Jointfir, Longleaf Mormon-tea, Popotilla, Teposote
Ephedra viridis Coville - Green Ephedra, Green Mormon-tea
edit
Uses and health concerns
Ephedra distachyaThese plants have traditionally been used by indigenous people for a variety of medicinal purposes, and are a likely candidate for the Soma plant of Indo-Iranian religion. The alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are the active constituents of the plant. Some species in the Ephedra genus have zero al
ephedra online @ 2/9/2010 8:28:35 AM