
ure to cool,
then pour it into a sep funnel. Wash the ethyl acetate solution with 50
ml of water to recover the lithium iodide into the water solution.
Separate off the water layer, and evaporate the water to recover the
lithium iodide for reuse. The ethyl acetate solution should be dried
over some anhydrous sodium sulfate, then the ethyl acetate evaporated
off to give about 20 grams of 2,4,5-trimethoxyphenlyacetone. This
light-sensitive substance should be stored in the freezer.
90
12 Studies On The Production OfTMA-2
91
Method Two
Acetonitrile is a quite poisonous solvent, dangerous both in
inhalation from the fizzing electrochemical cell and by absorption
through the skin. It has been my experience that just spilling a little bit of
it on your skin is enough to give you head rushes and make you feel
uncomfortable. The use of acetonitrile can be avoided without loss of
yield by using the alternative procedure in Example 6 in the patent.
The electrochemical cell is constructed in exactly the same way as in
the first method. Then into the electrochemical cell put 400 ml of
dimethylformamide, 200 ml of water containing 27 grams NaBr, and 20
grams asarone. Check the level of the solution, and make sure that the
amount of electrode surfaces are the same as in the first method. Then
begin stirring, and pass the current through the solution exactly as in the
first method.
When the 24,000 coulombs have been passed, pour the contents of
the beaker into a sep funnel, dilute with 1000 ml of a 20% solution of
salt in water, and extract four times with 200 ml portions of ethyl
acetate. The combined extracts, amounting to 800 ml, should be
washed twice with 200 ml portions of a 20% solution of salt in water.
The ethyl acetate solution contains the product epoxide. It should be
evaporated under a vacuum to a volume of about 200 ml, then reacted
with lithium iodide just as in the first method to yield about 20 grams of
2,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetone.
Recycling of solvents is possible with this method too. Ethyl
acetate can be recovered during the vacuum evaporation by use of a
dry-ice trap. The dimethyl-formamide can be recovered by vacuum
distillation.
The Journal Method
A very effective alternative method exists for converting propenyl
benzenes to phenylacetones. I know through mail received from the
reading public that this method gives a yield of about 80% when used
Practical LSD Manufacture
92
with isosafrole. Similar results can be expected when used with
asarone.
In spite of the high yields and simplicity of this reaction, I can't
recommend its use. That's because this procedure uses thallium(III)
nitrate to oxidize the propenylbenzene to the corresponding
phenylacetone. The thallium(III) nitrate gets reduced to thallium(I)
nitrate. Both of these heavy-metal compounds are very poisonous and,
unlike organic chemicals, the heavy metals persist forever in the
environment, and accumulate in the body. You wa or dieting, is a combination of ephedra and St. Johns Wort.
The ECA Stack (ephedra, caffeine, aspirin) has been used by bodybuilders to burn fat, and increase energy.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safety
For FDA information on ephedra, please see the ephedra.com FDA page.
As ephedra is a stimulant and a thermogenic, it should NOT be used by people / in situations where these properties might be harmful. There are some common sense rules about using ephedra:
Do not use ephedra if you have any medical problems as the use of a stimulant might overtax your system. Do not use ephedra if your activity / environment will prevent you from dissipating heat. Your body core temperature might exceed safe levels. And do not take more than the manufacturer's recommended amount.
What this means is: If you have a heart condition, do not take ephedra. And if you plan to wear clothes to raise your body temperature, do not take ephedra. And do not think that playing baseball on a hot muggy day will counteract these two common sense conditions and make it okay to take ephedra.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Some other common names and terms that people use when searching for information on ephedra:
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Due to liability concerns, we can not provide any health information regarding ephedra. Also, we no longer have time to respond to individual emails. If you want to share your thoughts about ephedra and your right to being able to buy it, please visit the ephedra forum on yahoo.
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Hood nt a bunch of
thallium around the house about like you want to be kicked in the
teeth with a heavy pair of boots.
A further bad aspect of this method is its high cost. 100 grams sell
for $150, and the high molecular weight of the compound means that a
lot of it has to be used to get a moderate amount of product. One
pound of thallium(ni) nitrate is required for a 1-molar batch.
This method can be found in From Ephedra Tetrahedron Letters No. 60, pages
5275-80
fat burner with ephedra (1970). To produce a one mole batch, dissolve one mole of
propenylbenzene in some methanol, and put it into a one-gallon glass
jug.
In a beaker, dissolve one mole (448 grams) of thallium(HI) nitrate
trihydrate in methanol. Then pour the thallium solution into the jug
with the propenylbenzene, and stir at room temperature for 5 minutes.
The thallium(I) nitrate formed by the reaction comes out of solution. It is
removed by filtration.
The propenylbenzene has at this point been converted to a ketal.
This is hydrolyzed to the phenylacetone by shaking the filtrate with
about 2000 ml of 1 molar sulfuric acid solution Cheap Diet Pill in water for about 5
minutes. The phenylacetone is then extracted out with a couple of
portions of tolulene. This extract is then washed with 5% NaOH
solution, then distilled or purified by conversion to the bisulfite
addition product.
12 Studies On The Production OfTMA-2
93
Production of TMA-2, MDA, etc. from the
Corresponding Phenylacetone
There are three good methods for converting the phenylacetone to
the psychedelic amphetamine. Choice number one is to use reductive
amination with a hydrogenation bomb with Raney nickel, ammonia
and alcohol solvent. See Journal of the American Chemical Society,
Volume 70, pages 12811-12 (1948). Also see Chem. Abstracts from
1954, column 2097. This gives a yield of about 80% if plenty of
Raney nickel is used. The preferred conditions for use with MDA is a
temperature of 80 C, and a hydrogen pressure of 50 atmospheres.
The drawback to this method is the need for a shaker device for
the bomb, and also a heater. The use of platinum as the catalyst in the
bomb works great when making MDMA, but gives lousy results when
making MDA. There may be a way around this, however, for serious
experimenters.
It has been found in experiments with phenylacetone
that a mixture of ammonia and ammonium chloride produces good
yields of amphetamine (50%) when used in a bomb with platinum
catalyst. Methylenedioxyphenylacetone is quite likely to behave
similarly, along with other phenylacetones.
To use this variation, the following materials are placed in the 1.5
liter champagne bottle hydrogenation device described in Chapter 11 of
Secrets of Methamphetamine Manufacture, Third Edition: .5 gram
platinum in 20 ml distilled water. If this platinum is in the form of
PtO2 instead of reduced platinum metal catalyst obtained with
borohydride, the experimenter must now reduce the platinum by
pressurizing the bottle with
fat burner with ephedra
hydrogen and stirring fo ching the effects, it was discovered that amphetamines could awaken dogs that were under anesthesia. This discovery led to the use of amphetamines, in pill form, to treat narcolepsy (Feldman et al., 1997). Amphetamines were also rumored to have been used in Japan, Britain, Germany, and the U.S. during World War II (Brecher 1972; Lovett, 1994; Feldman et al., 1997). U.S. and Japanese army personnel are said to have used amphetamines to stay awake and alert while assigned to especially long periods on duty (Feldman et al., 1997). Because of the use of amphetamines by Japanese soldiers, Japan “suffered a serious methamphetamine problem during early postwar years” (Suwaki, 1991). Amphetamine use became so common that college students in the 1950s and 1960s used amphetamines to stay awake all night to study for exams. Long-haul truckers named their routes after how much amphetamine was needed to make the trip. To get halfway across the U.S., truckers used “St. Louie,” and for a transcontinental truck run, “West Coast turnabouts” were used (Feldman et al., 1997). In the 1960s, California users of amphetamine began using speedballs, which are a combination of amphetamine and heroin taken intravenously. Physicians of the Haight-Ashbury Free Clinic in San Francisco tried to warn the public of the dangers of amphetamines by coining the term “speed kills.” Dr. D. Smith of the Haight-Ashbury Free Clinic said: In the 1970s the Haight-Ashbury area, of San Francisco, turned into one of the most violent areas of the city. It was a direct result of the amphetamine epidemic. In addition, we saw a great deal of amphetamine psychosis, © 2003 by CRC Press LLC from high doses of amphetamine producing paranoia, auditory, and visual hallucinations. We started getting a feel that the medical and the psychiatric system did not know how to handle drug epidemics. For example, I was also running the alcohol and drug abuse-screening unit at San Francisco General Hospital where with the diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia you treat with long-term psychotropic medication. With amphetamine psychosis you detoxify them and use a short-term course of psychotropic medication and get them into recove The technology of ancient wine making (open fermentation in crocks or vats) would only produce a six-percent alcohol content. This would be quickly reduced to acetic acid (vinegar). Ancient wine was produced exactly the same as modern vinegar. So, a stable vinegar solution was probably the basis of ancient wine. Vinegar is, however, not intoxicating. One explanation is that vinegar was used as a vehicle for carrying other drugs. Dried drug plants such as poppy (opium), datura, henbane, etc. being extracted with the vinegar. (With the possible exception of opium and ephedra, none of these other plants would really be pleasant in their effects.) Vinegar would then preserve these drugs in solution. This would allow bottling, transport and u ps from going in the four holes in the lid while the jar is being sterilized. If you poked your holes in the lid such that the sharp edges are pointing up, be careful not to rip or puncture the tin foil. If you need to, you can add a second or even a third piece of tin foil to make sure water will not drip into the holes in the lid. Step 8: Now the culture jars need to be sterilized. Place the jars in a large kitchen pot and add water so that water comes half way up the side of the jars. Bring the water to a slow boil and place the lid on the pot. From the time the water starts to boil, the jars need 1 hour to be (4 of 29) 5/1/2002 6:54:17 PM] How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 2) sterilized. Water should not be bubbling and splashing all over the place. The jars should not be floating around in the water. The substrate in the culture jars has the right amount of water in it already. You do not want water leaking into the jars and changing the ratio. The jars should not sit flat on the bottom of the pan. Too much heat can transfer directly to the jars and cause a loss of moisture. You can place a wash cloth inside the pan and set the jars directly on the wash cloth to help prevent too much heat from transferring to the jars. Step 9: Let the jars cool slowly. Leave them covered in the pan that was used to sterilize them. Let them cool completely. The jars need to be at or close to room temperature in order to inoculate. The spores will be killed if the jars are not cool enough when they are inoculated. It will take several hours to cool sufficiently. You may hear sounds as the jars cool. This is normal. Step 10: Now comes the good part. Inoculation of the culture jars. Assuming you have a viable, sterile spore syringe, you are now in a position to inoculate the cultures and start the first phase of the growing cycle. The needle of the spore syringe must be sterile. If your fingers or anything other than the lid or contents of the culture jars comes in contact with it, assume it is no longer sterile. If there is any doubt about its condition, use a cigarette lighter to heat the entire needle. Heat it until it glows red. Let it cool for a few minutes and squirt some of the solution out of the syringe. Shake the syringe. Make sure the spores are mixed well within the syringe. This can be accomplished more easily if you pull the plunger back on the syringe to get a little air into the syringe. Remove the tin foil from each culture jar as you prepare to inoculate it. Insert the needle of the syringe as far as it will go into a hole in the lid of the culture jar and get the needle to press against the glass. Examine the next figure for a simple diagram of how things should look. Inject 1/4 cc of solution at a site under each hole in the lid. Adaptation-4 A total of 1 cc of solution for each jar. Adaptation-5 (5 of 29) 5/1/2002 6:54:17 PM] How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Over 5000 years ago ephedra (under the name Ma huang) has been used in Chinese medicine to treat several disorders. Amongst others asthma and bronchitis were to be treated properly with ephedra. Ephedra comes from a plant that has a few powerful active compounds, of which ephedrine is the most useful. More information on the chemical connections en the extraction of the active substances is to be read in chemistry. Over the last few years ephedra has gained much more attention for its side-effects: an increased metabolism, plus the thermeogenic and fat burning qualities that come along with that. This gives the body stimulation and provides energy. Thanks to these qualities ephedra now has a status of weight-loss supplement, smartdrug and sports supplement. A status that has recently become controversial because of the ban on ephedra products in the United States and the Netherlands. Read about the why, when and how in legal?. The menu parts all contain articles, which were placed in the original English version. Besides we have some users experiences, a users guide, Frequently Asked Questions, links and a forum. * News * October 3 , 2005 - Ephedra-free diet pills not risk-free In a scramble to develop new replacement weight-loss aids, drug manufacturers produced drugs containing extracts of bitter orange. This supplement has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for digestive problems. Studies are finding these new ephedra-free diet pills carry some side effects that are similar to ephedra products. This botanical contains a compound similar to ephedra, called synephrine. Both of these compounds stimulate the central nervous system and are thought to increase the metabolism. Also both raise blood pressure and heart rate, according to research on Advantra Z and Xenadrine EFX at the University of California, San Francisco. Dr. Christine Haller, lead author of the University of California, San Francisco study, points out that little research has been done to determine whether or not these new ephedra-free diet pills are safe or effective. She says the main concern about these new diet pills is the risk they pose to people with elevated blood pressure and conditions like diabetes: two medical conditions which are common in overweight and obese individuals. “This does indicate that people should use caution when using these ephedra-free diet drugs]” Haller says. In 1927, the U.S. medical community began to use ephedrine, which is the active ingredient in ma haung, to open bronchial passages in patients with asthma. As the supplies of Ephedra vulgaris began to dwindle, pharmaceutical companies began to search for a synthetic alternative. Amphetamine was first synthesized in 1887, but because there was very little interest in it, the substance went unnoticed until it became the alternative to ephedrine (Feldman et al., 1997). By the 1930s, all the major effects of amphetamine were known. While researor will have numerous mature mushrooms ready for consumption. The cakes continue to produce mushrooms until either the nutrients in the rice cake are used up or the moisture in the rice cake is depleted. Depending on how the cultivator chooses to (6 of 10) 5/1/2002 6:54:10 PM] How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 1) implement the terrarium, more or less attention is required at this phase in the cycle. With the fully automated terrarium setup described later in this document, attention is only required every few days. Mostly, this involves picking mature mushrooms and adding water to the humidifier used in the setup. It is very likely that the mushrooms will be produced faster than they can be consumed by the home cultivator once the cropping phase of the cycle starts. It is fairly easy to dry the mushrooms and preserve them for many months. In fact, some people prefer the dried mushrooms to their fresh counterpart. Being the master of understatement, let me state that they do not taste as good as mushrooms available in the grocery store. Occasionally, a sterile spore print from a mature mushroom needs to be generated if the cycle is to continue. This is used to produce a spore syringe to inoculate new culture jars. It is a little bit of effort and requires very careful, sterile procedures to be successful generating a spore print. Of course, this can be circumvented by simply ordering a new spore syringe. A 10 cc. spore syringe should be sufficient to inoculate a dozen jars of substrate. It is the cultivator's choice which path to follow for successive generations. table of contents. Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms This is not a book exclusively about magic mushrooms, it is about growing mushrooms in general, but it gives extremely detailed information on the cultivation of psychedelic mushrooms. At the same time it delivers an interesting mushroom history. The techniques described can be used to grow magic mushrooms. (7 of 10) 5/1/2002 6:54:10 PM] How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 1) It provides a detailed growth parameters for 25 mushrooms species, mycological landscaping, state-of-the-art production techniques for home and commercial cultivation, plus more. It is not recommended for the first time grower with no mushroom growing experience. This is as good as it gets. It expands upon knowledge gained in The Mushroom Cultivator and the authors enthusiasm for mushrooms shines through. Everything I ever needed to know on cultivation, history, and medicinal properties are contained within. Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms Invisible Marijuana and Psychedelic Mushroom Gardens Information about growing both marijuana and mushrooms, but more importantly, how to grow and not have your operation detected. While it is not the ultimate book on growing either substance, it would be a very good book (in addition to) a more detai
Ephedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in the family Ephedraceae and order Ephedrales. These plants occur in dry climates over a wide area mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, across southern Europe, north Africa, southwest and central Asia, southwestern North America, and, in the Southern Hemisphere, in South America south to Patagonia. They are also called Joint-pine, Jointfir, or Mormon-tea. The Chinese name is 麻黄, ma huang, which means "yellow hemp". Ephedra is also sometimes called sea grape (from the French raisin de mer), although that is also a common name for Coccoloba uvifera.
edit]
Species
The following list of species is from the Gymnosperm Database page for Ephedra.
Ephedra alata Decne
Ephedra altissima Desf.
Ephedra antisyphilitica Berl. ex C.A.Meyer - Clapweed, Erect Ephedra
Ephedra aspera Engelm.
ex S.Wats. - Boundary Ephedra, Pitamoreal
Ephedra californica S.Wats. - California Ephedra, California Jointfir
Ephedra coryi E.
L.
Reed - Cory's Ephedra
Ephedra cutleri Peebles - Navajo Ephedra, Cutler's Ephedra, Cutler Mormon-tea, Cutler's Jointfir
Ephedra distachya L. - Joint-pine, Jointfir
Ephedra distachya subsp.
helvetica (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra equisetina Bunge - Ma huang
Ephedra fasciculata A.Nels. - Arizona Ephedra, Arizona Jointfir, Desert Mormon-tea
Ephedra fedtschenkoae Pauls.
Ephedra fragilis Desf.
Ephedra fragilis subsp. campylopoda (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra frustillata Miers - Patagonian Ephedra
Ephedra funerea Coville & Morton - Death Valley Ephedra, Death Valley Jointfir
Ephedra gerardiana Wallich ex C.A.Meyer - Gerard's Jointfir, Shan Ling Ma Huang
Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex C.A.Meyer
Ephedra lepidosperma C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra likiangensis Florin
Ephedra macedonica Kos.
Ephedra major Host
Ephedra major subsp. procera Fischer & C.A.Meyer
Ephedra minuta Florin
Ephedra monosperma C.A.Meyer
Ephedra viridis in western NevadaEphedra nevadensis S.Wats. - Nevada Ephedra, Nevada Jointfir, Nevada Mormon-tea
Ephedra pedunculata Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Vine Ephedra, Vine Jointfir
Ephedra przewalskii Stapf
Ephedra przewalskii var. kaschgarica (B.
Fedtsch.
& Bobr.) C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra regeliana Florin - Xi Zi Ma Huang
Ephedra saxatilis (Stapf) Royle ex Florin
Ephedra sinica Stapf - Ma Huang, Chinese ephedra
Ephedra torreyana S.Wats. - Torrey's Ephedra, Torrey's Jointfir, Torrey's Mormon-tea, Cañutillo
Ephedra trifurca Torrey ex S.Wats. - Longleaf Ephedra, Longleaf Jointfir, Longleaf Mormon-tea, Popotilla, Teposote
Ephedra viridis Coville - Green Ephedra, Green Mormon-tea
[edit]
Uses and health concerns
Ephedra distachyaThese plants have traditionally been used by indigenous people for a variety of medicinal purposes, and are a likely candidate for the Soma plant of Indo-Iranian religion. The alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are the active constituents of the plant. Some species in the Ephedra genus have zero alEphedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in the family Ephedraceae and order Ephedrales. These plants occur in dry climates over a wide area mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, across southern Europe, north Africa, southwest and central Asia, southwestern North America, and, in the Southern Hemisphere, in South America south to Patagonia. They are also called Joint-pine, Jointfir, or Mormon-tea. The Chinese name is 麻黄, ma huang, which means "yellow hemp". Ephedra is also sometimes called sea grape (from the French raisin de mer), although that is also a common name for Coccoloba uvifera.
edit]
Species
The following list of species is from the Gymnosperm Database page for Ephedra.
Ephedra alata Decne
Ephedra altissima Desf.
Ephedra antisyphilitica Berl. ex C.A.Meyer - Clapweed, Erect Ephedra
Ephedra aspera Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Boundary Ephedra, Pitamoreal
Ephedra californica S.Wats. - California Ephedra, California Jointfir
Ephedra coryi E.
L.
Reed - Cory's Ephedra
Ephedra cutleri Peebles - Navajo Ephedra, Cutler's Ephedra, Cutler Mormon-tea, Cutler's Jointfir
Ephedra distachya L. - Joint-pine, Jointfir
Ephedra distachya subsp. helvetica (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra equisetina Bunge - Ma huang
Ephedra fasciculata A.Nels. - Arizona Ephedra, Arizona Jointfir, Desert Mormon-tea
Ephedra fedtschenkoae Pauls.
Ephedra fragilis Desf.
Ephedra fragilis subsp. campylopoda (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra frustillata Miers - Patagonian Ephedra
Ephedra funerea Coville & Morton - Death Valley Ephedra, Death Valley Jointfir
Ephedra gerardiana Wallich ex C.A.Meyer - Gerard's Jointfir, Shan Ling Ma Huang
Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex C.A.Meyer
Ephedra lepidosperma C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra likiangensis Florin
Ephedra macedonica Kos.
Ephedra major Host
Ephedra major subsp. procera Fischer & C.A.Meyer
Ephedra minuta Florin
Ephedra monosperma C.A.Meyer
Ephedra viridis in western NevadaEphedra nevadensis S.Wats. - Nevada Ephedra, Nevada Jointfir, Nevada Mormon-tea
Ephedra pedunculata Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Vine Ephedra, Vine Jointfir
Ephedra przewalskii Stapf
Ephedra przewalskii var. kaschgarica (B.Fedtsch. & Bobr.) C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra regeliana Florin - Xi Zi Ma Huang
Ephedra saxatilis (Stapf) Royle ex Florin
Ephedra sinica Stapf - Ma Huang, Chinese ephedra
Ephedra torreyana S.
Wats.
- Torrey's Ephedra, Torrey's Jointfir, Torrey's Mormon-tea, Cañutillo
Ephedra trifurca Torrey ex S.Wats. - Longleaf Ephedra, Longleaf Jointfir, Longleaf Mormon-tea, Popotilla, Teposote
Ephedra viridis Coville - Green Ephedra, Green Mormon-tea
edit]
Uses and health concerns
Ephedra distachyaThese plants have traditionally been used by indigenous people for a variety of medicinal purposes, and are a likely candidate for the Soma plant of Indo-Iranian religion. The alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are the active constituents of the plant.
Some species in the Ephedra genus have zero alEphedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in the family Ephedraceae and order Ephedrales.
These plants occur in dry climates over a wide area mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, across southern Europe, north Africa, southwest and central Asia, southwestern North America, and, in the Southern Hemisphere, in South America south to Patagonia. They are also called Joint-pine, Jointfir, or Mormon-tea. The Chinese name is 麻黄, ma huang, which means "yellow hemp".
Ephedra is also sometimes called sea grape (from the French raisin de mer), although that is also a common name for Coccoloba uvifera.
edit
Species
The following list of species is from the Gymnosperm Database page for Ephedra.
Ephedra alata Decne
Ephedra altissima Desf.
Ephedra antisyphilitica Berl. ex C.A.Meyer - Clapweed, Erect Ephedra
Ephedra aspera Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Boundary Ephedra, Pitamoreal
Ephedra californica S.Wats. - California Ephedra, California Jointfir
Ephedra coryi E.L.Reed - Cory's Ephedra
Ephedra cutleri Peebles - Navajo Ephedra, Cutler's Ephedra, Cutler Mormon-tea, Cutler's Jointfir
Ephedra distachya L. - Joint-pine, Jointfir
Ephedra distachya subsp. helvetica (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra equisetina Bunge - Ma huang
Ephedra fasciculata A.
Nels.
- Arizona Ephedra, Arizona Jointfir, Desert Mormon-tea
Ephedra fedtschenkoae Pauls.
Ephedra fragilis Desf.
Ephedra fragilis subsp. campylopoda (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra frustillata Miers - Patagonian Ephedra
Ephedra funerea Coville & Morton - Death Valley Ephedra, Death Valley Jointfir
Ephedra gerardiana Wallich ex C.A.Meyer - Gerard's Jointfir, Shan Ling Ma Huang
Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex C.
A.
Meyer
Ephedra lepidosperma C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra likiangensis Florin
Ephedra macedonica Kos.
Ephedra major Host
Ephedra major subsp. procera Fischer & C.A.Meyer
Ephedra minuta Florin
Ephedra monosperma C.A.Meyer
Ephedra viridis in western NevadaEphedra nevadensis S.Wats. - Nevada Ephedra, Nevada Jointfir, Nevada Mormon-tea
Ephedra pedunculata Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Vine Ephedra, Vine Jointfir
Ephedra przewalskii Stapf
Ephedra przewalskii var. kaschgarica (B.Fedtsch. & Bobr.) C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra regeliana Florin - Xi Zi Ma Huang
Ephedra saxatilis (Stapf) Royle ex Florin
Ephedra sinica Stapf - Ma Huang, Chinese ephedra
Ephedra torreyana S.Wats. - Torrey's Ephedra, Torrey's Jointfir, Torrey's Mormon-tea, Cañutillo
Ephedra trifurca Torrey ex S.Wats. - Longleaf Ephedra, Longleaf Jointfir, Longleaf With Burner Burner
Fat Mormon-tea, Popotilla, Teposote
Ephedra viridis Coville - Green Ephedra, Green Mormon-tea
edit
Uses and health concerns
Ephedra distachyaThese plants have traditionally been used by indigenous people for a variety of medicinal purposes, and are a likely candidate for the Soma plant of Indo-Iranian religion. The alkaloids Ephedra Buy ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are the active constituents of the plant. Some species in the Ephedra genus have zero alEphedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in the family Ephedraceae and order Ephedrales.
These plants occur in dry climates over a wide area mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, across southern Europe, north Africa, southwest and central Asia, southwestern North America, and, in the Southern Hemisphere, in South America south to Patagonia. They are also called Joint-pine, Jointfir, or Mormon-tea. The Chinese name is 麻黄, ma huang, which means "yellow hemp". Ephedra is also sometimes called sea grape (from the French raisin de mer), although that is also a common name for Coccoloba uvifera.
edit
Species
The following list of species is from the Gymnosperm Database page for Ephedra.
Ephedra alata Decne
Ephedra altissima Desf.
Ephedra antisyphilitica Berl. ex C.A.Meyer - Clapweed, Erect Ephedra
Ephedra aspera Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Boundary Ephedra, Pitamoreal
Ephedra californica S.Wats. - California Ephedra, California Jointfir
Ephedra coryi E.L.Reed - Cory's Ephedra
Ephedra cutleri Peebles - Navajo Ephedra, Cutler's Ephedra, Cutler Mormon-tea, Cutler's Jointfir
Ephedra distachya L. - Joint-pine, Jointfir
Ephedra distachya subsp. helvetica (C.A.Meyer) Aschers.
& Graebn.
Ephedra equisetina Bunge - Ma huang
Ephedra fasciculata A.Nels. - Arizona Ephedra, Arizona Jointfir, Desert Mormon-tea
Ephedra fedtschenkoae Pauls.
Ephedra fragilis Desf.
Ephedra fragilis subsp. campylopoda (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra frustillata Miers - Patagonian Ephedra
Ephedra funerea Coville & Morton - Death Valley Ephedra, Death Valley Jointfir Loss Loss
Ephedra
Ephedra gerardiana Wallich ex C.A.Meyer - Gerard's Jointfir, Shan Ling Ma Huang
Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex C.A.Meyer
Ephedra lepidosperma C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra likiangensis Florin
Ephedra macedonica Kos.
Ephedra major Host
Ephedra major subsp. procera Fischer & C.A.Meyer
Ephedra minuta Florin
Ephedra monosperma C.A.Meyer
Ephedra viridis in western NevadaEphedra nevadensis S.Wats. - Nevada Ephedra, Nevada Jointfir, Nevada Mormon-tea
Ephedra pedunculata Engelm.
ex S.Wats. - Vine Ephedra, Vine Jointfir
Ephedra przewalskii Stapf
Ephedra przewalskii var. kaschgarica (B.Fedtsch. & Bobr.) C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra regeliana Florin - Xi Zi Ma Huang
Ephedra saxatilis (Stapf) Royle ex Florin
Ephedra sinica Stapf - Ma Huang, Chinese ephedra
Ephedra torreyana S.Wats. - Torrey's Ephedra, Torrey's Jointfir, Torrey's Mormon-tea, Cañutillo
Ephedra trifurca Torrey ex S.Wats. - Longleaf Ephedra, Longleaf Jointfir, Longleaf Mormon-tea, Popotilla, Teposote
Ephedra viridis Coville - Green Ephedra, Green Mormon-tea
edit
Uses and health concerns
Ephedra distachyaThese plants have traditionally been used by indigenous people for a variety of medicinal purposes, and are a likely candidate for the Soma plant of Indo-Iranian religion. The alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are the active constituents of the plant. Some species in the Ephedra genus have zero al
ps from going in
the four holes in the lid while the jar is being sterilized. If you poked
your holes in the lid such that the sharp edges are pointing up, be
careful not to rip or puncture the tin foil. If you need to, you can add a
second or even a third piece of tin foil to make sure water will not drip
into the holes in the lid.
Step 8:
Now the culture jars need to be sterilized. Place the jars in a large
kitchen pot and add water so that water comes half way up the side of
the jars. Bring the water to a slow boil and place the lid on the pot.
From the time the water starts to boil, the jars need 1 hour to be
(4 of 29) [5/1/2002 6:54:17 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 2)
sterilized. Water should not be bubbling and splashing all over the
place. The jars should not be floating around in the water. The
substrate in the culture jars has the right amount of water in it already.
You do not want water leaking into the jars and changing the ratio.
The
jars should not sit flat on the bottom of the pan. Too much heat can
transfer directly to the jars and cause a loss of moisture. You can place
a wash cloth inside the pan and set the jars directly on the wash cloth
to help prevent too much heat from transferring to the jars.
Step 9:
Let the jars cool slowly. Leave them covered in the pan that was used
to sterilize them. Let them cool completely. The jars need to be at or
close to room temperature in order to inoculate. The spores will be
killed if the jars are not cool enough when they are inoculated. It will
take Diet Cholesterol Low several hours to cool sufficiently. You may hear sounds as the jars
cool. This is normal.
Step 10:
Now comes the good part. Inoculation of the culture jars. Assuming
you have a viable, sterile spore syringe, you are now in a position to
inoculate the cultures and start the first phase of the growing cycle.
The needle of the spore syringe must be sterile.
Ephedra Weight Loss If your fingers or
anything other than the lid or contents of the culture jars comes in
contact with it, assume it is no longer sterile. If there is any doubt
about its condition, use a cigarette lighter to heat the entire needle.
Heat it until it glows red. Let it cool for a few minutes and squirt some
of the solution out of the syringe.
Shake the syringe. Make sure the spores are mixed well within the
syringe. This can be accomplished more easily if you pull the plunger
back on the syringe to get a little air into the syringe.
Remove the tin foil from each culture jar as you prepare to inoculate it.
Insert the needle of the syringe as far as it will go into a hole in the lid
of the culture jar and get the needle to press against the glass. Examine
the next figure for a simple diagram of how things should look. Inject
1/4 cc of solution at a site under each hole in the lid. Adaptation-4 A
total of 1 cc of solution for each jar. Adaptation-5
(5 of 29) 5/1/2002 6:54:17 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The ps from going in
the four holes in the lid while the jar is being sterilized. If you poked
your holes in the lid such that the sharp edges are pointing up, be
careful not to rip or puncture the tin foil. If you need to, you can add a
second or even a third piece of tin foil to make sure water will not drip
into the holes in the lid.
Step 8:
Now the culture jars need to be sterilized. Place the jars in a large
kitchen pot and add water so that water comes half way up the side of
the jars. Bring the water to a slow boil and place the lid on the pot.
From the time the water starts to boil, the jars need 1 hour to be
(4 of 29) 5/1/2002 6:54:17 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 2)
sterilized. Water Diet Cholesterol Low should not be bubbling and splashing all over the
place.
The jars should not be floating around in the water. The
substrate in the culture jars has the right amount of water in it already.
You do not want water leaking into the jars and changing the ratio. The
jars should not sit flat on the bottom of the pan. Too much heat can
transfer directly to the jars and cause a loss of moisture. You can place
a wash cloth inside the pan and set the jars directly on the wash cloth
to help prevent too much heat from transferring to the jars.
Step 9:
Let the jars cool slowly. Leave them covered in the pan that was used
to sterilize them. Let them cool completely. The jars need to be at or
close to room temperature in order to inoculate.
The spores will be
killed if the jars are not cool enough when they are inoculated.
It will
take several hours to cool sufficiently. You may hear sounds as the jars
cool. This is normal.
Step 10:
Now comes the good part. Inoculation of the culture jars. Assuming
you have a viable, sterile spore syringe, you are now in a position to
inoculate the cultures and start the first phase of the growing cycle.
The needle of the spore syringe must be sterile. If your fingers or
anything other than the lid or contents of the culture jars comes in
contact with it, assume it is no longer sterile. If there is any doubt
about its condition, use a cigarette lighter to heat the entire needle.
Heat it until it glows red. Let it cool for a few minutes and squirt some
of the solution out of the syringe.
Shake the syringe.
Make sure the spores are mixed well within the
syringe.
This can be accomplished more easily if you pull the plunger
back on the syringe to get a little air into the syringe.
Remove the tin foil from each culture jar as you prepare to inoculate it.
Insert the needle of the syringe as far as it will go into a hole in the lid
of the culture jar and get the needle to press against the glass.
Examine
the next figure for a simple diagram of how things should look. Inject
1/4 cc of solution at a site under each hole in the lid. Adaptation-4 A
total of 1 cc of solution for each jar. Adaptation-5
(5 of 29) 5/1/2002 6:54:17 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The ps from going in
the four holes in the lid while the jar is being sterilized. If you poked
your holes in the lid such that the sharp edges are pointing up, be
careful not to rip or puncture the tin foil. If you need to, you can add a
second or even a third piece of tin foil to make sure water will not drip
into the holes in the lid.
Step 8:
Now the culture jars need to be sterilized. Place the jars in a large
kitchen pot and add water so that water comes half way up the side of
the jars. Bring the water to a slow boil and place the lid on the pot.
From the time the water starts to boil, the jars need 1 hour to be
(4 of 29) [5/1/2002 6:54:17 PM
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 2)
sterilized. Water should not be bubbling and splashing all over the
place. The jars should not be floating around in the water. The
substrate in the culture jars has the right amount of water in it already.
You do not want water leaking into the jars and changing the ratio. The
jars should not sit flat on the bottom of the pan. Too much heat can
transfer directly to the jars and cause a loss of moisture. You can place
a wash cloth inside the pan and set the jars directly on the wash cloth
to help prevent too much heat from transferring to the jars.
Step 9:
Let the jars cool slowly. Leave them covered in the pan that was used
to sterilize them. Let them cool completely. The jars need to be at or
close to room temperature in order to inoculate. The spores will be
killed if the jars are not cool enough when they are inoculated. It will
take several hours to cool sufficiently. You may hear sounds as the jars
cool. This is normal.
Step 10:
Now comes the good part. Inoculation of the culture jars. Assuming
you have a viable, sterile spore syringe, you are now in a position to
inoculate the cultures and start the first phase of the growing cycle.
The needle of the spore syringe must be sterile. If your fingers or
anything other than the lid or contents of the culture jars comes in
contact with it, assume it is no longer sterile.
If there is any doubt
about its condition, use a cigarette lighter to heat the entire needle.
Heat it until it glows red. Let it cool for a few minutes and squirt some
of the solution out of the syringe.
Shake the syringe. Make sure the spores are mixed well within the
syringe. This can be accomplished more easily if you pull the plunger
back on the syringe to get a little air into the syringe.
Remove the tin foil from each culture jar as you prepare to inoculate it.
Insert the needle of the syringe as far as it will go into a hole in the lid
of the culture jar and get the needle to press against the glass. Examine
the next figure for a simple diagram of how things should look. Inject
1/4 cc of solution at a site under each hole in the lid. Adaptation-4 A
total of 1 cc of solution for each jar. Adaptation-5
(5 of 29) 5/1/2002 6:54:17 PM
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The ps from going in
the four holes in the lid while the jar is being sterilized. If you poked
your holes in the lid such that the sharp edges are pointing up, be
careful not to rip or puncture the tin foil. If you need to, you can add a
second or even a third piece of tin foil to make sure water will not drip
into the holes in the lid.
Step 8:
Now the culture jars need to be sterilized. Place the jars in a large
kitchen pot and add water so that water comes half way up the side of
the jars. Bring the water to a slow boil and place the lid on the pot.
From the time the water starts to boil, the jars need 1 hour to be
(4 of 29) 5/1/2002 6:54:17 PM
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 2)
sterilized. Water should not be bubbling and splashing all over the
place.
The jars should not be floating around in the water. The
substrate in the culture jars has the right amount of water in it already.
You do not want water leaking into the jars and changing the ratio.
The
jars should not sit flat on the bottom of the pan. Too much heat can
transfer directly to the jars and cause a loss of moisture. You can place
a wash cloth inside the pan and set the jars directly on the wash cloth
to help prevent too much heat from transferring to the jars.
Step 9:
Let the jars cool slowly. Leave them covered in the pan that was used
to sterilize them. Let them cool completely. The jars need to be at or
close to room temperature in order to inoculate. The spores will be
killed if the jars are not cool enough when they are inoculated. It will
take several hours to cool sufficiently. You may hear sounds as the jars
cool. This is normal.
Step 10:
Now comes the good part. Inoculation of the culture jars. Assuming
you have a viable, sterile spore syringe, you are now in a position to
inoculate the cultures and start the first phase of the growing cycle.
The needle of the spore syringe must be sterile. If your fingers or
anything other than the lid or contents of the culture jars comes in
contact with it, assume it is no longer sterile. If there is any doubt
about its condition, use a cigarette lighter to heat the entire needle.
Heat it until it glows red. Let it cool for a few minutes and squirt some
of the solution out of the syringe.
Shake the syringe. Make sure the spores are mixed well within the
syringe. This can be accomplished more easily if you pull the plunger
back on the syringe to get a little air into the syringe.
Remove the tin foil from each culture jar as you prepare to inoculate it.
Insert the needle of the syringe as far
Ephedra Weight Loss as it will go into a hole in the lid
of the culture jar and get the needle to press against the glass. Examine
the next figure for a simple diagram of how things should look. Inject
1/4 cc of solution at a site under each hole in the lid. Adaptation-4 A
total of 1 cc of solution for each jar. Adaptation-5
(5 of 29) 5/1/2002 6:54:17 PM
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The
This botanical contains a compound similar to ephedra, called synephrine. Both of these compounds stimulate the central nervous system and are thought to increase the metabolism. Also both raise blood pressure and heart rate, according to research on Advantra Z and Xenadrine EFX at the University of California, San Francisco. Dr. Christine Haller, lead author of the University of California, San Francisco study, points out that little research has been done to determine whether or not these new ephedra-free diet pills are safe or effective. She says the main concern about these new diet pills is the risk they pose to people with elevated blood pressure and conditions like diabetes: two medical conditions which are common in overweight and obese individuals. “This does indicate that people should use caution [when using these ephedra-free diet drugs]” Haller says. In 1927, the U.S. medical community began to use ephedrine, which is the active ingredient in ma haung, to open bronchial passages in patients with asthma. As the supplies of Ephedra vulgaris began to to buy to buy dwindle, pharmaceutical companies began to search for a synthetic alternative. Amphetamine was first synthesized in 1887, but because there was very little interest in it, the substance went unnoticed until it became the alternative to ephedrine (Feldman et al., 1997). By the 1930s, all the major effects of amphetamine were known. While researOver 5000 years ago ephedra (under the name Ma huang) has been used in Chinese medicine to treat several disorders. Amongst others asthma and bronchitis were to be treated properly with ephedra.
Ephedra comes from a plant that has a few powerful active compounds, of which ephedrine is the most useful. More information on the chemical connections en the extraction of the active substances is to be read in chemistry. Over the last few years ephedra has gained much more attention for its side-effects: an increased metabolism, plus the thermeogenic and fat burning qualities that come along with that. This gives the body stimulation and provides energy.
Thanks to these qualities ephedra now has a status of weight-loss supplement, smartdrug and sports supplement. A status that has recently become controversial because of the ban on ephedra products in the United States and the Netherlands. Read about the why, when and how in legal?. The menu parts all contain articles, which were placed in the original English version. Besides we have some users experiences, a users guide, Frequently Asked Questions, links and a forum. * News * October 3 , 2005 - Ephedra-free diet pills not risk-free In a scramble to develop new replacement weight-loss aids, drug manufacturers produced drugs containing extracts of bitter orange. This supplement has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for digestive problems. Studies are finding these new ephedra-free diet pills carry some side effects that are similar to ephedra products. This botanical contains a compound similar to ephedra, called synephrine. Both of these compounds stimulate the central nervous system and are thought to increase the metabolism. Also both raise blood pressure and heart rate, according to research on Advantra Z and Xenadrine EFX at the University of California, San Francisco.
Dr. Christine Haller, lead author of the University of California, San Francisco study, points out that little research has been done to determine whether or not these new ephedra-free diet pills are safe or effective. She says the main concern about these new diet pills is the risk they pose to people with elevated blood pressure and conditions like diabetes: two medical conditions which are common in overweight and obese individuals. “This does indicate that people should use caution when using these ephedra-free diet drugs]” Haller says. In 1927, the U.S. medical community began to use ephedrine, which is the active ingredient in ma haung, to open bronchial passages in patients with asthma. As the supplies of Ephedra vulgaris began to dwindle, pharmaceutical companies began to search for a synthetic alternative.
Amphetamine was first synthesized in 1887, but to buy to buy because there was very little interest in it, the substance went unnoticed until it became the alternative to ephedrine (Feldman et al., 1997). By the 1930s, all the major effects of amphetamine were known. While researOver 5000 years ago ephedra (under the name Ma huang) has been used in Chinese medicine to treat several disorders. Amongst others asthma and bronchitis were to be treated properly with ephedra. Ephedra comes from a plant that has a few powerful active compounds, of which ephedrine is the most useful. More information on the chemical connections en the extraction of the active substances Low Cholesterol Diet is to be read in chemistry. Over the last few years ephedra has gained much more attention for its side-effects: an increased metabolism, plus the thermeogenic and fat burning qualities that come along with that. This gives the body stimulation and provides energy. Thanks to these qualities ephedra now has a status of weight-loss supplement, smartdrug and sports supplement. A status that has recently become controversial because of the ban on ephedra products in the United States and the Netherlands. Read about the why, when and how in legal?. The menu parts all contain articles, which were placed in the original English version. Besides we have some users experiences, a users guide, Frequently Asked Questions, links and a forum. * News * October 3 , 2005 - Ephedra-free diet pills not risk-free In a scramble to develop new replacement weight-loss aids, drug manufacturers produced drugs containing extracts of bitter orange. This supplement has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for digestive problems. Studies are finding these new ephedra-free diet pills carry some side effects that are similar to ephedra products.
This botanical contains a compound similar to ephedra, called synephrine. Both of these compounds stimulate the central nervous system and are thought to increase the metabolism. Also both raise blood pressure and heart rate, according to research on Advantra Z and Xenadrine EFX at the University of California, San Francisco. Dr. Christine Haller, lead author of the University of California, San Francisco study, points out that little research has been done to determine whether or not these new ephedra-free diet pills are safe or effective. She says the main concern about these new diet pills is the risk they pose to people with elevated blood pressure and conditions like diabetes: two medical conditions which are common in overweight and obese individuals.
“This does indicate that people should use caution when using these ephedra-free diet drugs” Haller says. In 1927, the U.S. medical community began to use ephedrine, which is the active ingredient in ma haung, to open bronchial passages in patients with asthma. As the supplies of Ephedra vulgaris began to dwindle, pharmaceutical companies began to search for a synthetic alternative. Amphetamine was first synthesized in 1887, but because there was very little interest in it, the substance went unnoticed until it became the alternative to ephedrine (Feldman et al., 1997). By the 1930s, all the major effects of amphetamine were known. While researOver 5000 years ago ephedra (under the name Ma huang) has been used in Chinese medicine to treat several disorders. Amongst others asthma and bronchitis were to be treated properly with ephedra.
Ephedra comes from a plant that has a few powerful active compounds, of which ephedrine is the most useful.
More information on the chemical connections en the extraction of the active substances is to be read in chemistry.
Over the last few years ephedra has gained much more attention for its side-effects: an increased metabolism, plus the thermeogenic and fat burning qualities that come along with that. This gives the body stimulation and provides energy. Thanks to these qualities ephedra now has a status of weight-loss supplement, smartdrug and sports supplement. A status that has recently become controversial because of the ban on ephedra products in the United States and the Netherlands. Read about the why, when and how in legal?.
The menu parts all contain articles, which were placed in the original English version. Besides we have some users experiences, a users guide, Frequently Asked Questions, links and a forum. * News * October 3 , 2005 - Ephedra-free diet pills not risk-free In a scramble to develop new replacement weight-loss aids, drug manufacturers produced drugs containing extracts of bitter orange. This supplement has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for digestive problems. Studies are finding these new ephedra-free diet pills carry some side effects that are similar to ephedra products.
This botanical contains a compound similar to ephedra, called synephrine.
Both of these compounds stimulate the central nervous system and are thought to increase the metabolism. Also both raise blood pressure and heart rate, according to research on Advantra Z and Xenadrine EFX at the University of California, San Francisco. Dr.
Christine Haller, lead author of the University of California, San Francisco study, points out that little research has been done to determine whether or not these new ephedra-free diet pills are safe or effective. She says the main concern about these new diet pills is the risk they pose to people with elevated blood pressure and conditions like diabetes: two medical conditions which are common in overweight and obese individuals.
“This does indicate that people should use caution when using these ephedra-free diet drugs” Haller says. In 1927, the U.S. medical community began to use ephedrine, which is the active ingredient in ma haung, to open bronchial passages in patients with asthma. As the supplies of Ephedra vulgaris began to dwindle, pharmaceutical companies began to search for a synthetic alternative. Amphetamine was first synthesized in 1887, but because there was very little interest in it, the substance went unnoticed until it became the alternative to ephedrine (Feldman et al., 1997). By the 1930s, all the major effects of amphetamine were known. While resear cake is not colonized as quickly as the outside. Also, there is sufficient moisture in the cake at the start so there is no need to add water immediately. Advantage: The rice cake will produce many more mushrooms than it would have without adding moisture. Using this adaptation allows the nutrients in the rice cake to be almost totally consumed before the cake is exhausted. Disadvantages: Care should be taken when drilling the hole because there is no way to monitor for contamination inside the hole. Also, you will need to add water on a daily basis. Back to Growing Cycle. table of contents. Adaptation-18: Continued Drying of Mushrooms During Storage You can place a small glass with a small amount of desiccant in the long term storage bag to continue to extract moisture from the mushrooms. A shot glass with 3/4 of an ounce of desiccant is sufficient to keep the humidity very low in the long term storage bag. A larger glass that is more stable might be a better choice in order to avoid an accident of spilling the desiccant inside the bag. (28 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM] How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4) Advantage: The mushrooms will continue to dry and their preservation is enhanced. Disadvantages: You will need to be careful not to knock the glass over and spill desiccant in the storage bag. This is only suitable if you can leave the bag in a stationary location. Back to Drying and Preservation of Mushrooms. table of contents. Adaptation-19: Reducing Output Of Ultra Sonic Humidifier The output of the ultra sonic humidifier can be reduced by changing the circuitry. Almost all ultra sonic humidifiers use a 5 K-ohm or 10 K-ohm potentiometer to control the output. By adding a 5 K-ohm or 10 K-ohm resister in series with the potentiometer, the original 'low' setting becomes the new 'high' setting. The humidity output can be turned down even lower than originally possible. Simply cut the wire going to the potentiometer and solder a similar sized resister (available at Radio Shack) in series. You may need to set the humidity control above the minimum setting once you make this modification. Note that this adaptation is mutually exclusive with Adaptation-21. If you try to combine them, it won't work. Advantage: This drastically reduces the suspended water particles emitted by the humidifier. However, the big advantage is that the humidifier uses significantly less water. It is possible to fill up the humidifier and leave on a trip for 10 days without having to add water. (29 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM] How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4) Disadvantages: Complexity is the major disadvantage. The above instructions are deliberately technical. If reading them doesn't give you enough information, don't attempt to do this. Find someone to help you. It is very easy and straight forward for someone that is handy with a soldering iron Amongst the Mazatecs, Salvia divinorum (Diviner's sage) is known under such names as ska Maria Pastora and Hierba Maria, which translate as "the herb of Mary" or "leaves of Mary the Shepherdess". In a recent paper, Jonathan 0tt has noted that the Mazatecs lack an indigenous name for Salvia divinorum, both the Christian theme of Mary, as well as sheep, having been introduced to the region during the Spanish conquest. The Mazatecs also list a method of consuming this plant that does not efficiently utilize its psychoactive content, and seem to be generally unaware of its tremendous potency. Based on this information, and the likelihood of its being a cultigen, Ott has suggested that Salvia divinorum may be a post-conquest introduction to the Sierra Mazateca. However, it has also been suggested, initially by R. Gordon Wasson, that Salvia divinorum may be the Aztec plant Pipiltzintzintli, an entheogen that was briefly described by a 17th century Spanish friar. Ott has found that the little information available regarding Pipiltzintzintli supports this hypothesis, while ruling out several other plants that have been suggested as candidates for this Aztec sacrament.
ure to cool,
then pour it into a sep funnel. Wash the ethyl acetate solution with 50
ml of water to recover the lithium iodide into the water solution.
Separate off the water layer, and evaporate the water to recover the
lithium iodide for reuse. The ethyl acetate solution should be dried
over some anhydrous sodium sulfate, then the ethyl acetate evaporated
off to give about 20 grams of 2,4,5-trimethoxyphenlyacetone. This
light-sensitive substance should be stored in the freezer.
90
12 Studies On The Production OfTMA-2
91
Method Two
Acetonitrile is a quite poisonous solvent, dangerous both in
inhalation from the fizzing electrochemical cell and by absorption
through the skin. It has been my experience that just spilling a little bit of
it on your skin is enough to give you head rushes and make you feel
uncomfortable. The use of acetonitrile can be avoided without loss of
yield by using the alternative procedure in Example 6 in the patent.
The electrochemical cell is constructed in exactly the same way as in
the first method. Then into the electrochemical cell put 400 ml of
dimethylformamide, 200 ml of water containing 27 grams NaBr, and 20
grams asarone. Check the level of the solution, and make sure that the
amount of electrode surfaces are the same as in the first method. Then
begin stirring, and pass the current through the solution exactly as in the
first method.
When the 24,000 coulombs have been passed, pour the contents of
the beaker into a sep funnel, dilute with 1000 ml of a 20% solution of
salt in water, and extract four times with 200 ml portions of ethyl
acetate. The combined extracts, amounting to 800 ml, should be
washed twice with 200 ml portions of a 20% solution of salt in water.
The ethyl acetate solution contains the product epoxide. It should be
evaporated under a vacuum to a volume of about 200 ml, then reacted
with lithium iodide just as in the first method to yield about 20 grams of
2,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetone.
Recycling of solvents is possible with this method too. Ethyl
acetate can be recovered during the vacuum evaporation by use of a
dry-ice trap. The dimethyl-formamide can be recovered by vacuum
distillation.
The Journal Method
A very effective alternative method exists for converting propenyl
benzenes to phenylacetones. I know through mail received from the
reading public that this method gives a yield of about 80% when used
Practical LSD Manufacture
92
with isosafrole. Similar results can be expected when used with
asarone.
In spite of the high yields and simplicity of this reaction, I can't
recommend its use. That's because this procedure uses thallium(III)
nitrate to oxidize the propenylbenzene to the corresponding
phenylacetone. The thallium(III) nitrate gets reduced to thallium(I)
nitrate. Both of these heavy-metal compounds are very poisonous and,
unlike organic chemicals, the heavy metals persist forever in the
environment, and accumulate in the body. You wa to accomplish.
Back to Method 3 of Terrarium Construction.
table of contents.
Adaptation-20: Providing a Moisture Reservoir in the
Substrate
A reservoir for moisture can be built into the cake while packing the
jars with substrate material. Start with an empty jar and tamp 1/4 inch
of substrate material in the bottom. Next, position a magic marker or
some other object with a cylindrical shape and a diameter of about 3/4
inch in the center of the jar. Fill the jar as normal. Next, remove the
object and fill the bore with damp vermiculite. Lastly, pack 1/4 inch
of substrate material over the entire jar, sealing the damp vermiculite
inside the cake.
The damp vermiculite can be mixed separately from the substrate
material. Use about 1 cup of vermiculite and 1/3 cup of water. This
should produce enough damp vermiculite for a dozen 1/2 pint culture
jars.
After the cake has fruited, occasionally inject water into this
reservoir. The easiest place to inject is the position of the cake that
used to be at the center of the bottom of the jar. Just insert a syringe
filled with sterile water and inject water until it is full.
In case you are wondering, the substrate material can't be injected
with water directly. The rice flour and vermiculite form a very tight
seal and it is next to impossible to inject water. Even if you do
(30 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
manage to inject water, it doesn't spread through the cake. Having this
reservoir filled with damp vermiculite gives the mycelium network
access to a lot of moisture.
The easiest way we have found to implement this adaptation is to cut
the bottom off of a 10 cc syringe and press the bottom of the syringe
into the wet vermiculite several times. This will load the syringe with
wet vermiculite. Then place the syringe in the culture jar and pack the
substrate around it. Use the syringe's plunger to hold the wet
vermiculite stationary while you remove the syringe. Tamp an
additional 1/4 inch of substrate material over the entire surface of the
jar.
Advantage:
This adaptation will dramatically extend the longevity of the cake.
The cake's yield are normally limited by the amount of moisture in
the cake. This procedure allows you to replace moisture as it is
consumed by mushroom growth. In general, you will double the total
output of the cake compared to not implementing this adaptation.
Disadvantages:
It is a little bit of extra work to prepare the jars this way. Also, there is
a need to be careful to use sterile water when injecting moisture
during the growing phase. There is no way to check for contamination
introduced inside the cake by injecting water.
Back to preparation and colonization
table of contents.
Adaptation-21: Use of a Timer to Control Suspended Water
Droplets and Stimulate Fruiting
The ultra sonic humidifier can be placed on a timer to control the
amount of suspended water ps from going in
the four holes in the lid while the jar is being sterilized. If you poked
your holes in the lid such that the sharp edges are pointing up, be
careful not to rip or puncture the tin foil. If you need to, you can add a
second or even a third piece of tin foil to make sure water will not drip
into the holes in the lid.
Step 8:
Now the culture jars need to be sterilized. Place the jars in a large
kitchen pot and add water so that water comes half way up the side of
the jars. Bring the water to a slow boil and place the lid on the pot.
From the time the water starts to boil, the jars need 1 hour to be
(4 of 29) 5/1/2002 6:54:17 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 2)
sterilized. Water should not be bubbling and splashing all over the
place. The jars should not be floating around in the water. The
substrate in the culture jars has the right amount of water in it already.
You do not want water leaking into the jars and changing the ratio. The
jars should not sit flat on the bottom of the pan. Too much heat can
transfer directly to the jars and cause a loss of moisture. You can place
a wash cloth inside the pan and set the jars directly on the wash cloth
to help prevent too much heat from transferring to the jars.
Step 9:
Let the jars cool slowly. Leave them covered in the pan that was used
to sterilize them. Let them cool completely. The jars need to be at or
close to room temperature in order to inoculate. The spores will be
killed if the jars are not cool enough when they are inoculated. It will
take several hours to cool sufficiently. You may hear sounds as the jars
cool. This is normal.
Step 10:
Now comes the good part. Inoculation of the culture jars. Assuming
you have a viable, sterile spore syringe, you are now in a position to
inoculate the cultures and start the first phase of the growing cycle.
The needle of the spore syringe must be sterile. If your fingers or
anything other than the lid or contents of the culture jars comes in
contact with it, assume it is no longer sterile. If there is any doubt
about its condition, use a cigarette lighter to heat the entire needle.
Heat it until it glows red. Let it cool for a few minutes and squirt some
of the solution out of the syringe.
Shake the syringe. Make sure the spores are mixed well within the
syringe. This can be accomplished more easily if you pull the plunger
back on the syringe to get a little air into the syringe.
Remove the tin foil from each culture jar as you prepare to inoculate it.
Insert the needle of the syringe as far as it will go into a hole in the lid
of the culture jar and get the needle to press against the glass. Examine
the next figure for a simple diagram of how things should look. Inject
1/4 cc of solution at a site under each hole in the lid. Adaptation-4 A
total of 1 cc of solution for each jar. Adaptation-5
(5 of 29) 5/1/2002 6:54:17 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The ps from going in
the four holes in the lid while the jar is being sterilized. If you poked
your holes in the lid such that the sharp edges are pointing up, be
careful not to rip or puncture the tin foil. If you need to, you can add a
second or even a third piece of tin foil to make sure water will not drip
into the holes in the lid.
Step 8:
Now the culture jars need to be sterilized. Place the jars in a large
kitchen pot and add water so that water comes half way up the side of
the jars. Bring the water to a slow boil and place the lid on the pot.
From the time the water starts to boil, the jars need 1 hour to be
(4 of 29) [5/1/2002 6:54:17 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 2)
sterilized. Water should not be bubbling and splashing all over the
place. The jars should not be floating around in the water. The
substrate in the culture jars has the right amount of water in it already.
You do not want water leaking into the jars and changing the ratio. The
jars should not sit flat on the bottom of the pan. Too much heat can
transfer directly to the jars and cause a loss of moisture. You can place
a wash cloth inside the pan and set the jars directly on the wash cloth
to help prevent too much heat from transferring to the jars.
Step 9:
Let the jars cool slowly. Leave them covered in the pan that was used
to sterilize them. Let them cool completely. The jars need to be at or
close to room temperature in order to inoculate. The spores will be
killed if the jars are not cool enough when they are inoculated.
It will
take several hours to cool sufficiently.
You may hear sounds as the jars
cool. This is normal.
Step 10:
Now comes the good part. Inoculation of the culture jars. Assuming
you have a viable, sterile spore syringe, you are now in a position to
inoculate the cultures and start the first phase of the growing cycle.
The needle of the spore syringe must be sterile. If your fingers or
anything other than the lid or contents of the culture jars comes in
contact with it, assume it is no longer sterile. If there is any doubt
about its condition, use a cigarette lighter to heat the entire needle.
Heat it until it glows red. Let it cool for a few minutes and squirt some
of the solution out of the syringe.
Shake the syringe. Make sure the spores are mixed well within the
syringe. This can be accomplished more easily if you pull the plunger
back on the syringe to get a little air into the syringe.
Remove the tin foil from each culture jar as you prepare to inoculate it.
Insert the needle of the syringe as far as it will go into a hole in the lid
of the culture jar and get the needle to press against the glass. Examine
the next figure for a simple diagram of how things should look. Inject
1/4 cc of solution at a site under each hole in the lid. Adaptation-4 A
total of 1 cc of solution for each jar. Adaptation-5
(5 of 29) 5/1/2002 6:54:17 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The ps from going in
the four holes in the lid while the jar is being sterilized. If you poked
your holes in the lid such that the sharp edges are pointing up, be
careful not to rip or puncture the tin foil. If you need to, you can
ephedra effects add a
second or even a third piece of tin foil to make sure water will not drip
into the holes in the lid.
Step 8:
Now the culture jars need to be sterilized. Place the jars in a large
kitchen pot and add water so that water comes half way up the side of
the jars. Bring the water to a slow boil and place the lid on the pot.
From the time the water starts to boil, the jars need 1 hour to be
(4 of 29) 5/1/2002 6:54:17 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 2)
sterilized. Water should not be bubbling and splashing all over the
place.
The jars should not be floating around in the water. The
substrate in the culture jars has the right amount of water in it already.
You do not want water leaking into the jars and changing the ratio. The
jars should not sit flat on the bottom of the pan. Too much heat can
transfer directly to the jars and cause a loss of moisture. You can place
a wash cloth inside the pan and set the jars directly on the wash cloth
to help prevent too much heat from transferring to the jars.
Step 9:
Let the jars cool slowly. Leave them covered in the pan that was used
to sterilize them. Let them cool completely. The jars need to be at or
close to room temperature in order to inoculate. The spores will be
killed if the jars are not cool enough when they are inoculated. It will
take several hours to cool sufficiently. You may hear sounds as the jars
cool. This is normal.
Step 10:
Now comes the good part. Inoculation of the culture jars. Assuming
you have a viable, sterile spore syringe, you are now in a position to
inoculate the cultures and start the first phase of the growing cycle.
The needle of the spore syringe must be sterile. If your fingers or
anything other than the lid or contents of the culture jars comes in
contact with it, assume it is no longer sterile. If there is any doubt
about its condition, use a cigarette lighter to heat the entire needle.
Heat it until it glows red. Let it cool for a few minutes and squirt some
of the solution out of the syringe.
Shake the syringe. Make sure the spores are mixed well within the
syringe. This can be accomplished more easily if you pull the plunger
back on the syringe to get a little air into the syringe.
Remove the tin foil from each culture jar as you prepare to inoculate it.
Insert the needle of the syringe as far as it will go into a hole in the lid
of the culture jar and get the needle to press against the glass. Examine
the next figure for a simple diagram of how things should look. Inject
1/4 cc of solution at a site under each hole in the lid. Adaptation-4 A
total of 1 cc of solution for each jar. Adaptation-5
(5 of 29) 5/1/2002 6:54:17 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The ps from going in
the four holes in the lid while the jar is being sterilized. If you poked
your holes in the lid such that the sharp edges are pointing up, be
careful not to rip or puncture the tin foil. If you need to, you can add a
second or even a third piece Zoom 7 True True Iceurlflag Iceurlflag Zoom of tin foil to make sure water will not drip
into the holes in the lid.
Step 8:
Now the culture jars need to be sterilized. Place the jars in a large
kitchen pot and add water so that water comes half way up the side of
the jars. Bring the water to a slow boil and place the lid on the pot.
From the time the water starts to boil, the jars need 1 hour to be
(4 of 29) 5/1/2002 6:54:17 PM
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 2)
sterilized. Water should not be bubbling and splashing all over the
place. The jars should not be floating around in the water. The
substrate in the culture jars has the right amount of water in it already.
You do not want water leaking into the jars and changing the ratio. The
jars should not sit flat on the bottom of the pan. Too much heat can
transfer directly to the jars and cause a loss of moisture. You can place
a wash cloth inside the pan and set the jars directly on the wash cloth
to help prevent too much heat from transferring to the jars.
Step 9:
Let the jars cool slowly. Leave them covered in the pan that was used
to sterilize them. Let them cool completely. The jars need to be at or
close to room temperature in order to inoculate. The spores will be
killed if the jars are not cool enough when they are inoculated. It will
take several hours to cool sufficiently. You may hear sounds as the jars
cool. This is normal.
Step 10:
Now comes the good part. Inoculation of the culture jars. Assuming
you have a viable, sterile spore syringe, you are now in a position to
inoculate the cultures and start the first phase of the growing cycle.
The needle of the spore syringe must be sterile. If your fingers or
anything other than the lid or contents of the culture jars comes in
contact with it, assume it is no longer sterile. If there is any doubt
about its condition, use a cigarette lighter to heat the entire needle.
Heat it until it glows red. Let it cool for a few minutes and squirt some
of the solution out of the syringe.
Shake the syringe.
Make sure the spores are mixed well within the
syringe. This can be accomplished more easily if you pull the plunger
back on the syringe to get Zoom 7 True True Iceurlflag Iceurlflag Zoom a little air into the syringe.
Remove the tin foil from each culture jar as you prepare to inoculate it.
Insert the needle of the syringe as far as it will go into a hole in the lid
of the culture jar and get the needle to press against the glass. Examine
the next figure for a simple diagram of how things should look. Inject
1/4 cc of solution at a site under each hole in the lid. Adaptation-4 A
total of 1 cc of solution for each jar. Adaptation-5
(5 of 29) 5/1/2002 6:54:17 PM
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The ps from going in
the four holes in the lid while the jar is being sterilized. If you poked
your holes in the lid such that the sharp edges are pointing up, be
careful not to rip or puncture the tin foil. If you need to, you can add a
second or even a third piece of tin foil to make sure water will not drip
into the holes in the lid.
Step 8:
Now the culture jars need to be sterilized. Place the jars in a large
kitchen pot and add water so that water comes half way up the side of
the jars. Bring the water to a slow boil and place the lid on the pot.
From the time the water starts to boil, the jars need 1 hour to be
(4 of 29) 5/1/2002 6:54:17 PM
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 2)
sterilized. Water should not be bubbling and splashing all over the
place. The jars should not be floating around in the water. The
substrate in the culture jars has the right amount of water in it already.
You do not want water leaking into the jars and changing the ratio. The
jars should not sit flat on the bottom of the pan. Too much heat can
transfer directly to the jars and cause a loss of moisture. You can place
a wash cloth inside the pan and set the jars directly on the wash cloth
to help prevent too much heat from transferring to the jars.
Step 9:
Let the jars cool slowly. Leave them covered in the pan that was used
to sterilize them. Let them cool completely. The jars need to be at or
close to room temperature in order to inoculate. The spores will be
killed if the jars are not cool enough when they are inoculated. It will
take several hours to cool sufficiently. You may hear sounds as the jars
cool. This is normal.
Step 10:
Now comes the good part. Inoculation of the culture jars. Assuming
you have a
ephedra supercaps viable, sterile spore syringe, you are now in a position to
inoculate the cultures and start the first phase of the growing cycle.
The needle of the spore syringe must be sterile. If your fingers or
anything other than the lid or contents of the culture jars comes in
contact with it, assume it is no longer sterile. If there is any doubt
about its condition, use a cigarette lighter to heat the entire needle.
Heat it until it glows red. Let it cool for a few minutes and squirt some
of the solution out of the syringe.
Shake the syringe. Make sure the spores are mixed well within the
syringe. This can be accomplished more easily if you pull the plunger
back on the syringe to get a little air into the syringe.
Remove the tin foil from each culture jar as you prepare to inoculate it.
Insert the needle of the syringe as far as it will go into a hole in the lid
of the culture jar and get the needle to press against the glass. Examine
the next figure for a simple diagram of how things should look. Inject
1/4 cc of solution at a site under each hole in the lid. Adaptation-4 A
total of 1 cc of solution for each jar. Adaptation-5
(5 of 29) 5/1/2002 6:54:17 PM
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The
nt a bunch of
thallium around the house about like you want to be kicked in the
teeth with a heavy pair of boots.
A further bad aspect of this method is its high cost. 100 grams sell
for $150, and the high molecular weight of the compound means that a
lot of it has to be used to get a moderate amount of product. One
pound of thallium(ni) nitrate is required for a 1-molar batch.
This method can be found in Tetrahedron Letters No. 60, pages
5275-80 (1970).
To produce Low Cholesterol Diet a one mole batch, dissolve one mole of
propenylbenzene in some methanol, and put it into a one-gallon glass
jug. In a beaker, dissolve one mole (448 grams) of thallium(HI) nitrate
trihydrate in methanol. Then pour the thallium solution into the jug
with the propenylbenzene, and stir at room temperature for 5 minutes.
The thallium(I) nitrate formed by the reaction comes out of solution. It is
removed by filtration.
The propenylbenzene has at this point been converted to a ketal.
This is hydrolyzed to the phenylacetone by shaking the filtrate with
about 2000 ml of 1 molar sulfuric acid solution in water for about 5
minutes. The phenylacetone is then extracted out with a couple of
portions of tolulene. This extract is then washed with 5% NaOH
solution, then distilled or purified by conversion to the bisulfite
addition product.
12 Studies On The Production OfTMA-2
93
Production of TMA-2, MDA, etc. from the
Corresponding Phenylacetone
There are three good methods for converting the phenylacetone to
the psychedelic amphetamine. Choice number one is to use reductive
amination with a hydrogenation bomb with Raney nickel, ammonia
and alcohol solvent. See Journal of the American Chemical Society,
Volume 70, pages 12811-12 (1948). Also see Chem. Abstracts from
1954, column 2097. This gives a yield of about 80% if plenty of
Raney nickel is used. The preferred conditions for use with MDA is a
temperature of 80 C, and a hydrogen pressure of 50 atmospheres.
The drawback to this method is the need for a shaker device for
the bomb, and also a heater. The use of platinum as the catalyst in the
bomb works great when making MDMA, but gives lousy results when
making MDA. There may be a way around this, however, for serious
experimenters. It has been found in experiments with phenylacetone
that a mixture of ammonia and ammonium chloride produces good
yields of amphetamine (50%) when used in a bomb with platinum
catalyst. Methylenedioxyphenylacetone is quite likely to behave
similarly, along with other phenylacetones.
To use this variation, the following materials are placed in the 1.5
liter champagne bottle hydrogenation device described in Chapter 11 of
Secrets of Methamphetamine Manufacture, Third Edition: .5 gram
platinum in 20 ml distilled water. If this platinum is in the form of
PtO2 instead of reduced platinum metal catalyst obtained with
borohydride, the experimenter must now reduce the platinum by
pressurizing the bottle with hydrogen and stirring fo
ephedra supercaps @ 9/4/2010 9:04:17 PM