cake is not colonized as quickly as the
outside. Also, there is sufficient moisture in the cake at the start so
there is no need to add water immediately.
Advantage:
The rice cake will produce many more mushrooms than it would have
without adding moisture. Using this adaptation allows the nutrients in
the rice cake to be almost totally consumed before the cake is
exhausted.
Disadvantages:
Care should be taken when drilling the hole because there is no way
to monitor for contamination inside the hole. Also, you will need to
add water on a daily basis.
Back to Growing Cycle.
table of contents.
Adaptation-18: Continued Drying of Mushrooms During
Storage
You can place a small glass with a small amount of desiccant in the
long term storage bag to continue to extract moisture from the
mushrooms. A shot glass with 3/4 of an ounce of desiccant is
sufficient to keep the humidity very low in the long term storage bag.
A larger glass that is more stable might be a better choice in order to
avoid an accident of spilling the desiccant inside the bag.
(28 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Advantage:
The mushrooms will continue to dry and their preservation is
enhanced.
Disadvantages:
You will need to be careful not to knock the glass over and spill
desiccant in the storage bag. This is only suitable if you can leave the
bag in a stationary location.
Back to Drying and Preservation of Mushrooms.
table of contents.
Adaptation-19: Reducing Output Of Ultra Sonic Humidifier
The output of the ultra sonic humidifier can be reduced by changing
the circuitry. Almost all ultra sonic humidifiers use a 5 K-ohm or 10
K-ohm potentiometer to control the output. By adding a 5 K-ohm or
10 K-ohm resister in series with the potentiometer, the original 'low'
setting becomes the new 'high' setting. The humidity output can be
turned down even lower than originally possible. Simply cut the wire
going to the potentiometer and solder a similar sized resister
(available at Radio Shack) in series. You may need to set the
humidity control above the minimum setting once you make this
modification.
Note that this adaptation is mutually exclusive with Adaptation-21. If
you try to combine them, it won't work.
Advantage:
This drastically reduces the suspended water particles emitted by the
humidifier. However, the big advantage is that the humidifier uses
significantly less water. It is possible to fill up the humidifier and
leave on a trip for 10 days without having to add water.
(29 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Disadvantages:
Complexity is the major disadvantage. The above instructions are
deliberately technical. If reading them doesn't give you enough
information, don't attempt to do this. Find someone to help you. It is
very easy and straight forward for someone that is handy with a
soldering iron Carl Epling, who first described S. divinorum, reported the newer as having a blue corolla, and it has been illustrated this way in the literature (Epling and Jativa-M, 1962; Schultes, 1976). However, this description has been shown to be an error, as all living specimens of the plant have had blossoms with white corollas and purple calyces (Diaz, 1975a; Emboden, 1979). ching the effects, it was discovered that amphetamines could
awaken dogs that were under anesthesia. This discovery led to the use of
amphetamines, in pill form, to treat narcolepsy (Feldman et al., 1997).
Amphetamines were also rumored to have been used in Japan, Britain, Germany,
and the U.S. during World War II (Brecher 1972; Lovett, 1994; Feldman
et al., 1997). U.S. and Japanese army personnel are said to have used amphetamines
to stay awake and alert while assigned to especially long periods on
duty (Feldman et al., 1997). Because of the use of amphetamines by Japanese
soldiers, Japan “suffered a serious methamphetamine problem during early
postwar years” (Suwaki, 1991).
Amphetamine use became so common that college students in the 1950s
and 1960s used amphetamines to stay awake all night to study for exams.
Long-haul truckers named their routes after how much amphetamine was
needed to make the trip. To get halfway across the U.S., truckers used “St.
Louie,” and for a transcontinental truck run, “West Coast turnabouts” were
used (Feldman et al., 1997).
In the 1960s, California users of amphetamine began using speedballs,
which are a combination of amphetamine and heroin taken intravenously.
Physicians of the Haight-Ashbury Free Clinic in San Francisco tried to warn
the public of the dangers of amphetamines by coining the term “speed kills.”
Dr. D. Smith of the Haight-Ashbury Free Clinic said:
In the 1970s the Haight-Ashbury area, of San Francisco,
turned into one of the most violent areas of the city. It
was a direct result of the amphetamine epidemic. In
addition, we saw a great deal of amphetamine psychosis,
©
2003
by CRC Press LLC
from high doses of amphetamine producing paranoia,
auditory, and visual hallucinations. We started getting
a feel that the medical and the psychiatric system did
not know how to handle drug epidemics. For example,
I was also running the alcohol and drug abuse-screening
unit at San Francisco General Hospital where with the
diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia you treat with
long-term psychotropic medication. With amphetamine
psychosis you detoxify them and use a short-term
course of psychotropic medication and get them into
recove
The technology of ancient wine making (open fermentation in crocks
or vats) would only produce a six-percent alcohol content. This would be
quickly reduced to acetic acid (vinegar). Ancient wine was produced
exactly the same as modern vinegar. So, a stable vinegar solution was
probably the basis of ancient wine. Vinegar is, however, not intoxicating.
One explanation is that vinegar was used as a vehicle for carrying other
drugs. Dried drug plants such as poppy (opium), datura, henbane, etc.
being extracted with the vinegar. (With the possible exception of opium
and ephedra, none of these other plants would really be pleasant in their
effects.) Vinegar would then preserve these drugs in solution. This would
allow bottling, transport and u ps from going in
the four holes in the lid while the jar is being sterilized. If you poked
your holes in the lid such that the sharp edges are pointing up, be
careful not to rip or puncture the tin foil. If you need to, you can add a
second or even a third piece of tin foil to make sure water will not drip
into the holes in the lid.
Step 8:
Now the culture jars need to be sterilized. Place the jars in a large
kitchen pot and add water so that water comes half way up the side of
the jars. Bring the water to a slow boil and place the lid on the pot.
From the time the water starts to boil, the jars need 1 hour to be
(4 of 29) 5/1/2002 6:54:17 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 2)
sterilized. Water should not be bubbling and splashing all over the
place. The jars should not be floating around in the water. The
substrate in the culture jars has the right amount of water in it already.
You do not want water leaking into the jars and changing the ratio. The
jars should not sit flat on the bottom of the pan. Too much heat can
transfer directly to the jars and cause a loss of moisture. You can place
a wash cloth inside the pan and set the jars directly on the wash cloth
to help prevent too much heat from transferring to the jars.
Step 9:
Let the jars cool slowly. Leave them covered in the pan that was used
to sterilize them. Let them cool completely. The jars need to be at or
close to room temperature in order to inoculate. The spores will be
killed if the jars are not cool enough when they are inoculated. It will
take several hours to cool sufficiently. You may hear sounds as the jars
cool. This is normal.
Step 10:
Now comes the good part. Inoculation of the culture jars. Assuming
you have a viable, sterile spore syringe, you are now in a position to
inoculate the cultures and start the first phase of the growing cycle.
The needle of the spore syringe must be sterile. If your fingers or
anything other than the lid or contents of the culture jars comes in
contact with it, assume it is no longer sterile. If there is any doubt
about its condition, use a cigarette lighter to heat the entire needle.
Heat it until it glows red. Let it cool for a few minutes and squirt some
of the solution out of the syringe.
Shake the syringe. Make sure the spores are mixed well within the
syringe. This can be accomplished more easily if you pull the plunger
back on the syringe to get a little air into the syringe.
Remove the tin foil from each culture jar as you prepare to inoculate it.
Insert the needle of the syringe as far as it will go into a hole in the lid
of the culture jar and get the needle to press against the glass. Examine
the next figure for a simple diagram of how things should look. Inject
1/4 cc of solution at a site under each hole in the lid. Adaptation-4 A
total of 1 cc of solution for each jar. Adaptation-5
(5 of 29) 5/1/2002 6:54:17 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The ching the effects, it was discovered that amphetamines could
awaken dogs that were under anesthesia. This discovery led to the use of
amphetamines, in pill form, to treat narcolepsy (Feldman et al., 1997).
Amphetamines were also rumored to have been used in Japan, Britain, Germany,
and the U.S. during World War II (Brecher 1972; Lovett, 1994; Feldman
et al., 1997). U.S. and Japanese army personnel are said to have used amphetamines
to stay awake and alert while assigned to especially long periods on
duty (Feldman et al., 1997). Because of the use of amphetamines by Japanese
soldiers, Japan “suffered a serious methamphetamine problem during early
postwar years” (Suwaki, 1991).
Amphetamine use became so common that college students in the 1950s
and 1960s used amphetamines to stay awake all night to study for exams.
Long-haul truckers named their routes after how much amphetamine was
needed to make Coq10 Cutlers Coq10 Coq10 the trip. To get halfway across the U.S., truckers used “St.
Louie,” and for a transcontinental truck run, “West Coast turnabouts” were
used (Feldman et al., 1997).
In the 1960s, California users of amphetamine began using speedballs,
which are a combination of amphetamine and heroin taken intravenously.
Physicians of the Haight-Ashbury Free Clinic in San Francisco tried to warn
the public of the dangers of amphetamines by coining the term “speed kills.”
Dr. D. Smith of the Haight-Ashbury Free Clinic said:
In the 1970s the Haight-Ashbury area, of San Francisco,
turned into one of the most violent areas of the city. It
was a direct result of the amphetamine epidemic. In
addition, we saw a great deal of amphetamine psychosis,
©
2003
by CRC Press LLC
from high doses of amphetamine producing paranoia,
auditory, and visual hallucinations. We started getting
a feel that the medical and the psychiatric system did
not know how to handle drug epidemics. For example,
I was also running the alcohol and drug abuse-screening
unit at San Francisco General Hospital where with the
diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia you treat with
long-term psychotropic medication. With amphetamine
psychosis you detoxify them and use a short-term
course of psychotropic medication and get them into
recove
The technology of ancient wine making (open fermentation in crocks
or vats) would only produce a six-percent alcohol content. This would be
quickly reduced to acetic acid (vinegar).
Ancient wine was produced
exactly the same as modern vinegar. So, a stable vinegar solution was
probably the basis of ancient wine. Vinegar is, however, not intoxicating.
One explanation is that vinegar was used as a vehicle for carrying other
drugs.
Dried drug plants such as poppy (opium), datura, henbane, etc.
being extracted with the vinegar. (With the possible exception of opium
and ephedra, none of these other plants would really be pleasant in their
effects.) Vinegar would then preserve these drugs in solution. This would
allow bottling, transport and u ity you can get. You
should be careful not to allow the inside temperature of the terrarium
to get above 80 degrees F. In order to effectively use this adaptation,
your terrarium will need to be in a cool location.
Advantage:
You will be able to generate an extra 5% of humidity over ambient by
using this adaptation.
Disadvantages:
You will increase the temperature inside your terrarium some by
doing this. You can minimize the temperature increase by using a
container to hold the water that is well insulated. You want the water
warm, but you don't want heat leaking any more than necessary into
the terrarium.
(24 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Back to Method 2, Using a Fish Tank Bubblier.
table of contents.
Adaptation-14: Use of Angel Hair to Raise Humidity.
If you are using the fish tank bubblier system to create humidity in
your terrarium, you can place angel hair or anything else that will
slow the bubbles rise in the water container. Simply pack it into the
container. This will increase humidity by several percent. Ideally, you
want to slow the bubbles but also split them into smaller bubbles.
Some plastic versions of steel wool for use washing dishes work well.
Steel wool would work well except that it will rust and get nasty.
Advantage:
You will be able to generate an extra 1% or 2% of humidity over
ambient by using this adaptation. The smaller the bubbles are and the
more time they spend in the water, the greater the benefit.
Disadvantages:
None.
Back to Method 2, Using a Fish Tank Bubblier
table of contents.
Adaptation-15: Supporting Extra Terrariums with the Ultra
Sonic Humidifier
First, build an extra Growing Chamber. Then on one of the 2 liter
coke bottles, poke an extra hole. Insert a grommet and make this
(25 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
bottle the last stage for drying the air. Even the most basic ultra sonic
humidifier can feed more than one terrarium with sufficient quantities
of humid air to keep everything in the ideal range for the fungus.
Advantage:
You get twice the growing area for your mushrooms. Your crops can
be twice as big. Alternatively, you can use one terrarium for older
cakes. Older cakes are significantly more likely to become
contaminated and pose a threat to the other cakes in the terrarium.
Moving older cakes to the second terrarium drastically reduces your
chances of a crop failure.
Disadvantages:
You need to build an extra Growing Chamber, and it takes up a little
space.
Back to construction of Ultra Sonic support system.
table of contents.
Adaptation-16: Use of an Ice-Pak to Initiate Fruiting.
You can keep the terrarium's temperature between 80 and 95 degrees
F. If you have a terrarium setup that uses an ultra sonic humidifier,
you can place a reusable, frozen Ice-Pak in the Terrarium. This will
cool everything down
ching the effects, it was discovered that amphetamines could
awaken dogs that were under anesthesia. This discovery led to the use of
amphetamines, in pill form, to treat narcolepsy (Feldman et al., 1997).
Amphetamines were also rumored to have been used in Japan, Britain, Germany,
and the U.S. during World War II (Brecher 1972; Lovett, 1994; Feldman
et al., 1997). U.S. and Japanese army personnel are said to have used amphetamines
to stay awake and alert while assigned to especially long periods on
duty (Feldman et al., 1997). Because of the use of amphetamines by Japanese
soldiers, Japan “suffered a serious methamphetamine problem during early
postwar years” (Suwaki, 1991).
Amphetamine use became so common that college students in the 1950s
and 1960s used amphetamines to stay awake all night to study for exams.
Long-haul truckers named their routes after how much amphetamine was
needed to make the trip. To get halfway across the U.S., truckers used “St.
Louie,” and for a transcontinental truck run, “West Coast turnabouts” were
used (Feldman et al., 1997).
In the 1960s, California users of amphetamine began using speedballs,
which are a combination of amphetamine and heroin taken intravenously.
Physicians of the Haight-Ashbury Free Clinic in San Francisco tried to warn
the public of the dangers of amphetamines by coining the term “speed kills.”
Dr. D. Smith of the Haight-Ashbury Free Clinic said:
In the 1970s the Haight-Ashbury area, of San Francisco,
turned into one of the most violent areas of the city. It
was a direct result of the amphetamine epidemic. In
addition, we saw a great deal of amphetamine psychosis,
©
2003
by CRC Press LLC
from high doses of amphetamine producing paranoia,
auditory, and visual hallucinations. We started getting
a feel that the medical and the psychiatric system did
not know how to handle drug epidemics. For example,
I was also running the alcohol and drug abuse-screening
unit at San Francisco General Hospital where with the
diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia you treat with
long-term psychotropic medication. With amphetamine
psychosis you detoxify them and use a short-term
course of psychotropic medication and get them into
recove
The technology of ancient wine making (open fermentation in crocks
or vats) would only produce a six-percent alcohol content. This would be
quickly reduced to acetic acid (vinegar). Ancient wine was produced
exactly the same as modern vinegar. So, a stable vinegar solution was
probably the basis of ancient wine. Vinegar is, however, not intoxicating.
One explanation is that vinegar was used as a vehicle for carrying other
drugs. Dried drug plants such as poppy (opium), datura, henbane, etc.
being extracted with the vinegar. (With the possible exception of opium
and ephedra, none of these other plants would really be pleasant in their
effects.) Vinegar would then preserve these drugs in solution. This would
allow bottling, transport and u
Ephedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in the family Ephedraceae and order Ephedrales. These plants occur in dry climates over a wide area mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, across southern Europe, north Africa, southwest and central Asia, southwestern North America, and, in the Southern Hemisphere, in South America south to Patagonia.
They are also called Joint-pine, Jointfir, or Mormon-tea. The Chinese name is 麻黄, ma huang, which means "yellow hemp". Ephedra is also sometimes called sea grape (from the French raisin de mer), although that is also a common name for Coccoloba uvifera.
edit]
Species
The following list of species is from the Gymnosperm Database page for Ephedra.
Ephedra alata Decne
Ephedra altissima Desf.
Ephedra antisyphilitica Berl. ex C.A.Meyer - Clapweed, Erect Ephedra
Ephedra aspera Engelm. ex S.
Wats.
- Boundary Ephedra, Pitamoreal
Ephedra californica S.Wats. - California Ephedra, California Jointfir
Ephedra coryi E.
L.
Reed - Cory's Ephedra
Ephedra cutleri Peebles - Navajo Ephedra, Cutler's Ephedra, Cutler Mormon-tea, Cutler's Jointfir
Ephedra distachya L. - Joint-pine, Jointfir
Ephedra distachya subsp. helvetica (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra equisetina Bunge - Ma huang
Ephedra fasciculata A.Nels. - Arizona Ephedra, Arizona Jointfir, Desert Mormon-tea
Ephedra fedtschenkoae Pauls.
Ephedra fragilis Desf.
Ephedra fragilis subsp. campylopoda (C.
A.
Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra frustillata Miers - Patagonian Ephedra
Ephedra funerea Coville & Morton - Death Valley Ephedra, Death Valley Jointfir
Ephedra gerardiana Wallich ex C.A.Meyer - Gerard's Jointfir, Shan Ling Ma Huang
Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex C.A.Meyer
Ephedra lepidosperma C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra likiangensis Florin
Ephedra macedonica Kos.
Ephedra major Host
Ephedra major subsp. procera Fischer & C.A.Meyer
Ephedra minuta Florin
Ephedra monosperma C.A.Meyer
Ephedra viridis in western NevadaEphedra nevadensis S.Wats. - Nevada Ephedra, Nevada Jointfir, Nevada Mormon-tea
Ephedra pedunculata Engelm.
ex S.Wats. - Vine Ephedra, Vine Jointfir
Ephedra przewalskii Stapf
Ephedra przewalskii var. kaschgarica (B.Fedtsch. & Bobr.
) C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra regeliana Florin - Xi Zi Ma Huang
Ephedra saxatilis (Stapf) Royle ex Florin
Ephedra sinica Stapf - Ma Huang, Chinese ephedra
Ephedra torreyana S.Wats. - Torrey's Ephedra, Torrey's Jointfir, Torrey's Mormon-tea, Cañutillo
Ephedra trifurca Torrey ex S.Wats. - Longleaf Ephedra, Longleaf Jointfir, Longleaf Mormon-tea, Popotilla, Teposote
Ephedra viridis Coville - Green Ephedra, Green Mormon-tea
edit]
Uses and health concerns
Ephedra distachyaThese plants have traditionally been used by indigenous people for a variety of medicinal purposes, and are a likely candidate for the Soma plant of Indo-Iranian religion. The alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are the active constituents of the plant. Some species in the Ephedra genus have zero alEphedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in the family Ephedraceae and order Ephedrales. These plants occur in dry climates over a wide area mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, across southern Europe, north Africa, southwest and central Asia, southwestern North America, and, in the Southern Hemisphere, in South America south to Patagonia. They are also called Joint-pine, Jointfir, or Mormon-tea. The Chinese name is 麻黄, ma huang, which means "yellow hemp". Ephedra is also sometimes called sea grape (from the French raisin de mer), although that is also a common name for Coccoloba uvifera.
edit]
Species
The following list of species is from the Gymnosperm Database page for Ephedra.
Ephedra alata Decne
Ephedra altissima Desf.
Ephedra antisyphilitica Berl. ex C.A.Meyer - Clapweed, Erect Ephedra
Ephedra aspera Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Boundary Ephedra, Pitamoreal
Ephedra californica S.Wats. - California Ephedra, California Jointfir
Ephedra coryi E.L.Reed - Cory's Ephedra
Ephedra cutleri Peebles - Navajo Ephedra, Cutler's Ephedra, Cutler Mormon-tea, Cutler's Jointfir
Ephedra distachya L. - Joint-pine, Jointfir
Ephedra distachya subsp. helvetica (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra equisetina Bunge - Ma huang
Ephedra fasciculata A.Nels. - Arizona Ephedra, Arizona Jointfir, Desert Mormon-tea
Ephedra fedtschenkoae Pauls.
Ephedra fragilis Desf.
Ephedra fragilis subsp. campylopoda (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra frustillata Miers - Patagonian Ephedra
Ephedra funerea Coville & Morton - Death Valley Ephedra, Death Valley Jointfir
Ephedra gerardiana Wallich ex C.A.Meyer - Gerard's Jointfir, Shan Ling Ma Huang
Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex C.A.Meyer
Ephedra lepidosperma C.
Y.
Cheng
Ephedra likiangensis Florin
Ephedra macedonica Kos.
Ephedra major Host
Ephedra major subsp. procera Fischer & C.A.Meyer
Ephedra minuta Florin
Ephedra monosperma C.A.Meyer
Ephedra viridis in western NevadaEphedra nevadensis S.Wats. - Nevada Ephedra, Nevada Jointfir, Nevada Mormon-tea
Ephedra pedunculata Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Vine Ephedra, Vine Jointfir
Ephedra przewalskii Stapf
Ephedra przewalskii var. kaschgarica (B.Fedtsch. & Bobr.) C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra regeliana Florin - Xi Zi Ma Huang
Ephedra saxatilis (Stapf) Royle ex Florin
Ephedra sinica Stapf - Ma Huang, Chinese ephedra
Ephedra torreyana S.
Wats.
- Torrey's Ephedra, Torrey's Jointfir, Torrey's Mormon-tea, Cañutillo
Ephedra trifurca Torrey ex S.Wats. - Longleaf Ephedra, Longleaf Jointfir, Longleaf Mormon-tea, Popotilla, Teposote
Ephedra viridis Coville - Green Ephedra, Green Mormon-tea
edit]
Uses and health concerns
Ephedra distachyaThese plants have traditionally been used by indigenous people for a variety of medicinal purposes, and are a likely candidate Hallucinogenic for the Soma plant of Indo-Iranian religion.
The alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are the active constituents of the plant. Some species in the Ephedra genus have zero alEphedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in the family Ephedraceae and order Ephedrales. These plants occur in dry climates over a wide area mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, across southern Europe, north Africa, southwest and central Asia, southwestern North America, and, in the Southern Hemisphere, in South America south to Patagonia.
They are also called Joint-pine, Jointfir, or Mormon-tea. The Chinese name is 麻黄, ma huang, which means "yellow hemp". Ephedra is also sometimes called sea grape (from the French raisin de mer), although that is also a common name for Coccoloba uvifera.
edit
Species
The following list of species is from the Gymnosperm Database page for Ephedra.
Ephedra alata Decne
Ephedra altissima Desf.
Ephedra antisyphilitica Berl. ex C.A.Meyer - Clapweed, Erect Ephedra
Ephedra aspera Engelm. ex S.
Wats.
- Boundary Ephedra, Pitamoreal
Ephedra californica S.Wats. - California Ephedra, California Jointfir
Ephedra coryi E.L.Reed - Cory's Ephedra
Ephedra cutleri Peebles - Navajo Ephedra, Cutler's Ephedra, Cutler Mormon-tea, Cutler's Jointfir
Ephedra distachya L. - Joint-pine, Jointfir
Ephedra distachya subsp. helvetica (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra equisetina Bunge - Ma huang
Ephedra fasciculata A.Nels. - Arizona Ephedra, Arizona Jointfir, Desert Mormon-tea
Ephedra fedtschenkoae Pauls.
Ephedra fragilis Desf.
Ephedra fragilis subsp. campylopoda (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra frustillata Miers - Patagonian Ephedra
Ephedra funerea Coville & Morton - Death Valley Ephedra, Death Valley Jointfir
Ephedra gerardiana Wallich ex C.A.Meyer - Gerard's Jointfir, Shan Ling Ma Huang
Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex C.A.Meyer
Ephedra lepidosperma C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra likiangensis Florin
Ephedra macedonica Kos.
Ephedra major Host
Ephedra major subsp. procera Fischer & C.A.Meyer
Ephedra minuta Florin
Ephedra monosperma C.A.Meyer
Ephedra viridis in western NevadaEphedra nevadensis S.Wats. - Nevada Ephedra, Nevada Jointfir, Nevada Mormon-tea
Ephedra pedunculata Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Vine Ephedra, Vine Jointfir
Ephedra przewalskii Stapf
Ephedra przewalskii var. kaschgarica (B.Fedtsch. & Bobr.
) C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra regeliana Florin - Xi Zi Ma Huang
Ephedra saxatilis (Stapf) Royle ex Florin
Ephedra sinica Stapf - Ma Huang, Chinese ephedra
Ephedra torreyana S.
Wats.
- Torrey's Ephedra, Torrey's Jointfir, Torrey's Mormon-tea, Cañutillo
Ephedra trifurca Torrey ex S.
Wats.
- Longleaf Ephedra, Longleaf Jointfir, Longleaf Mormon-tea, Popotilla, Teposote
Ephedra viridis Coville - Green Ephedra, Green Mormon-tea
edit
Uses and health concerns
Ephedra distachyaThese plants have traditionally been used by indigenous people for a variety of medicinal purposes, and are a likely candidate for the Soma plant of Indo-Iranian religion. The alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are the active constituents of the plant. Some species in the Ephedra genus have zero alEphedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in the family Ephedraceae and order Ephedrales. These plants occur in dry climates over a wide area mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, across southern Europe, north Africa, southwest and central Asia, southwestern North America, and, in the Southern Hemisphere, in South America south to Patagonia. They are also called Joint-pine, Jointfir, or Mormon-tea. The Chinese name is 麻黄, ma huang, which means "yellow hemp". Ephedra is also sometimes called sea grape (from the French raisin de mer), although that is also a common name for Coccoloba uvifera.
edit
Species
The following list of species is from the Gymnosperm Database page for Ephedra.
Ephedra alata Decne
Ephedra altissima Desf.
Ephedra antisyphilitica Berl. ex C.A.Meyer - Clapweed, Erect Ephedra
Ephedra aspera Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Boundary Ephedra, Pitamoreal
Ephedra californica S.Wats. - California Ephedra, California Jointfir
Ephedra coryi E.
L.
Reed - Cory's Ephedra
Ephedra cutleri Peebles - Navajo Ephedra, Cutler's Ephedra, Cutler Mormon-tea, Cutler's Jointfir
Ephedra distachya L. - Joint-pine, Jointfir
Ephedra distachya subsp.
helvetica (C.A.Meyer) Aschers.
& Graebn.
Ephedra equisetina Bunge - Ma huang
Ephedra fasciculata A.Nels. - Arizona Ephedra, Arizona Jointfir, Desert Mormon-tea
Ephedra fedtschenkoae Pauls.
Ephedra fragilis Desf.
Ephedra fragilis subsp. campylopoda (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra frustillata Miers - Patagonian Ephedra
Ephedra funerea Coville & Morton - Death Valley Ephedra, Death Valley Jointfir
Ephedra gerardiana Wallich ex C.A.Meyer - Gerard's Jointfir, Shan Ling Ma Huang
Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex C.A.Meyer
Ephedra lepidosperma C.
Y.
Cheng
Ephedra likiangensis Florin
Ephedra macedonica Kos.
Ephedra major Host
Ephedra major subsp. procera Fischer & C.A.Meyer
Ephedra minuta Florin
Ephedra monosperma C.A.Meyer
Ephedra viridis in western NevadaEphedra nevadensis S.Wats. - Nevada Ephedra, Nevada Jointfir, Nevada Mormon-tea
Ephedra pedunculata Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Vine Ephedra, Vine Jointfir
Ephedra przewalskii Stapf
Ephedra przewalskii var. kaschgarica (B.Fedtsch. & Bobr.) C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra regeliana Florin - Xi Zi Ma Huang
Ephedra saxatilis (Stapf) Royle ex Florin
Ephedra sinica Stapf - Ma Huang, Chinese ephedra
Ephedra torreyana S.Wats. - Torrey's Ephedra, Torrey's Jointfir, Torrey's Mormon-tea, Cañutillo
Ephedra trifurca Torrey ex S.
Wats.
- Longleaf Ephedra, Longleaf Jointfir, Longleaf Mormon-tea, Popotilla, Teposote
Ephedra viridis Coville - Green Ephedra, Green Mormon-tea
edit
Uses and health concerns
Ephedra distachyaThese plants have traditionally been used by indigenous people for a variety of medicinal purposes, and are a likely candidate for the Soma plant of Indo-Iranian religion. The alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are the active constituents of the plant. Some species in the Ephedra genus have zero al
Yohimbe is a tree that grows throughout the African nations of Cameroon, Gabon and Zaire. (A similar plant in South America is called Quebracho). For centuries, natives from these areas have ingested both the crude bark and purified compound as a tonic to enhance sexual prowess and as an aphrodisiac.
The bark has been smoked as a hallucinogen and has been used in traditional medicine to treat angina and hypertension. The herb is a sensual stimulant for healthy men and women. Today, doctors prescribe an extract from the tree to treat organic impotence.
Yohimbe's energizing effects stem from it's ability to increase blood flow to the genitals, both male and female. It is thought to stimulate the pelvic nerve ganglia and thus is helpful for men with erection problems. In fact a prescription drug, yohimbine hydrochloride, is the only FDA approved drug for impotence.
Effects can include increased libido, increased sensation and increased stamina. Women have also reported similar effects and general pleasant sensations.
Yohimbe bark contains about 6% yohimbine. This constituent is Ephedra Tee an indole alkaloid that is classified as an alpha-2-adrenergic blocking agent. The herb has a general nervous Stacker Ephedra system stimulatory effect and can cause changes in blood pressure by dilating blood vessels.
It can increase the heart rate, raise body temperature and increase blood pressure. At higher dosages, it has a mild psychotropic effect.
Yohimbe bark stimulates chemical reactions in the body that may aid in psychogenic cases of impotence, due to fatigue, tension and stress. Clinical studies have shown the herb to be effective in restoring potency in diabetic and heart patients who suffer from impotency.
As an alpha-adrenoreceptor blocker, yohimbe reduces the effect of hormones that cause constriction of blood vessels, which typically increases as we age. It increases the body's production of norepinephrine which is essential in the formation of erections. Yohimbe may also boost the adrenaline supply to nerve endings, which can quicken male sensual stimulation. It has been used in combination with ginseng and saw palmetto as a remedy for men with low sex drive.
Yohimbe is also a short term MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor and should be used with caution, especially if you have high blood pressure. Being an MAO inhibitor, yohimbe should not be taken with any food or drink containing tyramines (cheese, chocolate, beer, aged meats, nuts, etc.) and particularly not with the amino acids tyrosine or phenylalanine. A rise in blood pressure can result from the body not being able to remove the tyramines from these foods. It may be dangerous if used with anti-depressants, sedatives, antihistamines, caffeine, or amphetamines. Yohimbe may have other side effects such as racing heart rate, irritability, headache, nausea, sweating, dizziness and frequent urination. Anyone with a heart condition, kidney disease, glaucoma or history of gastric or duodenal ulcers should avoid
cake is not colonized as quickly as the
outside.
Also, there is sufficient moisture in the cake at the start so
there is no need to add water immediately.
Advantage:
The rice cake will produce many more mushrooms than it would have
without adding moisture. Using this adaptation allows the nutrients in
the rice cake to be almost totally consumed before the cake is
exhausted.
Disadvantages:
Care should be taken when drilling the hole because there is no way
to monitor for contamination inside the hole. Also, you will need to
add water on a daily basis.
Back to Growing Cycle.
table of contents.
Adaptation-18: Continued Drying of Mushrooms During
Storage
You can place a small glass with a small amount of desiccant in the
long term storage bag to continue to extract moisture from the
mushrooms. A shot glass with 3/4 of an ounce of desiccant is
sufficient to keep the humidity very low in the long term storage bag.
A larger glass that is more stable might be a better choice in order to
avoid an accident of spilling the desiccant inside the bag.
(28 of 39) [5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Advantage:
The mushrooms will continue to dry and their preservation is
enhanced.
Disadvantages:
You will need to be careful not to knock the glass over and spill
desiccant in the storage bag. This is only suitable if you can leave the
bag in a stationary location.
Back to Drying and Preservation of Mushrooms.
table of contents.
Adaptation-19: Reducing Output Of Ultra Sonic Humidifier
The output of the ultra sonic humidifier can be reduced by changing
the circuitry. Almost all ultra sonic humidifiers use a 5 K-ohm or 10
K-ohm potentiometer to control the output.
By adding a 5 K-ohm or
10 K-ohm resister in series with the potentiometer, the original 'low'
setting becomes the new 'high' setting. The humidity output can be
turned down even lower than originally possible. Simply cut the wire
going to the potentiometer and solder a similar sized resister
(available at Radio Shack) in series. You may need to set the
humidity control above the minimum setting once you make this
modification.
Note that this adaptation is mutually exclusive with Adaptation-21. If
you try to combine them, it won't work.
Advantage:
This drastically reduces the suspended water particles emitted by the
humidifier. However, the big advantage is that the humidifier uses
significantly less water. It is possible to fill up the humidifier and
leave on a trip for 10 days without having to add water.
(29 of 39) [5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Disadvantages:
Complexity is the major disadvantage. The above instructions are
deliberately technical.
If reading them doesn't give you enough
information, don't attempt to do this. Find someone to help you. It is
very easy and straight forward for someone that is handy with a
soldering ironcake is not colonized as quickly as the
outside. Also, there is sufficient moisture in the cake at the start so
there is no need to add water immediately.
Advantage:
The rice cake will produce many more mushrooms than it would have
without adding moisture. Using this adaptation allows the nutrients in
the rice cake to be almost totally consumed before the cake is
exhausted.
Disadvantages:
Care should be taken when drilling the hole because there is no way
to monitor for contamination inside the hole. Also, you will need to
add water on a daily basis.
Back to Growing Cycle.
table of contents.
Adaptation-18: Continued Drying of Mushrooms During
Storage
You can place a small glass with a small amount of desiccant in the
long term storage bag to continue to extract moisture from the
mushrooms. A shot glass with 3/4 of an ounce of desiccant is
sufficient to keep the humidity very low in the long term storage bag.
A larger glass that is more stable might be a better choice in order to
avoid an accident of spilling the desiccant inside the bag.
(28 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Advantage:
The mushrooms will continue to dry and their preservation is
enhanced.
Disadvantages:
You will need to be careful not to knock the glass over and spill
desiccant in the storage bag. This is only suitable if you can leave the
bag in a stationary location.
Back to Drying and Preservation of Mushrooms.
table of contents.
Adaptation-19: Reducing Output Of Ultra Sonic Humidifier
The output of the ultra sonic humidifier can be reduced by changing
the circuitry. Almost all ultra sonic humidifiers use a 5 K-ohm or 10
K-ohm potentiometer to control the output. By adding a 5 K-ohm or
10 K-ohm resister in series with the potentiometer, the original 'low'
setting becomes the new 'high' setting. The humidity output can be
turned down even lower than originally possible. Simply cut the wire
going to the potentiometer and solder a similar sized resister
(available at Radio Shack) in series. You may need to set the
humidity control above the minimum setting once you make this
modification.
Note that this adaptation is mutually exclusive with Adaptation-21. If
you try to combine them, it won't work.
Advantage:
This drastically reduces the suspended water particles emitted by the
humidifier. However, the big advantage is that the humidifier uses
significantly less water. It is possible to fill up the humidifier and
leave on a trip for 10 days without having to add water.
(29 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Disadvantages:
Complexity is the major disadvantage. The above instructions are
deliberately technical. If reading them doesn't give you enough
information, don't attempt to do this. Find someone to help you. It is
very easy and straight forward for someone that is handy with a
soldering ironcake is not colonized as quickly as the
outside. Also, there is sufficient moisture in the cake at the start so
there is no need to add water immediately.
Advantage:
The rice cake will produce many more mushrooms than it would have
without adding moisture. Using this adaptation allows the nutrients in
the rice cake to be almost totally consumed before the cake is
exhausted.
Disadvantages:
Care should be taken when drilling the hole because there is no way
to monitor for contamination inside the hole. Also, you will need to
add water on a daily basis.
Back to Growing Cycle.
table of contents.
Adaptation-18: Continued Drying of Mushrooms During
Storage
You can place a small glass with a small amount of desiccant in the
long term storage bag to continue to extract moisture from the
mushrooms. A shot glass with 3/4 of an ounce of desiccant is
sufficient to keep the humidity very low in the long term storage bag.
A larger glass that is more stable might be a better choice in order to
avoid an accident of spilling the desiccant inside the bag.
(28 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Advantage:
The mushrooms will continue to dry and their preservation is
enhanced.
Disadvantages:
You will need to be careful not to knock the glass over and spill
desiccant in the storage bag. This is only suitable if you can leave the
bag in a stationary location.
Back to Drying and Preservation of Mushrooms.
table of contents.
Adaptation-19: Reducing Output Of Ultra Sonic Humidifier
The output of the ultra sonic humidifier can be reduced by changing
the circuitry.
Almost all ultra sonic humidifiers use a 5 K-ohm or 10
K-ohm potentiometer to control the output. By adding a 5 K-ohm or
10 K-ohm resister in series with the potentiometer, the original 'low'
setting becomes the new 'high' setting. The humidity output can be
turned down even lower than originally possible. Simply cut the wire
going to the potentiometer and solder a similar sized resister
(available at Radio Shack) in series. You may need to set the
humidity control above the minimum setting once you make this
modification.
Note that this adaptation is mutually exclusive with Adaptation-21.
If
you try to combine them, it won't work.
Advantage:
This drastically reduces the suspended water particles emitted by the
humidifier. However, the big advantage is that the humidifier uses
significantly less water. It is possible to fill up the humidifier and
leave on a trip for 10 days without having to add water.
(29 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Disadvantages:
Complexity is the major disadvantage.
The above instructions are
deliberately technical. If reading them doesn't give you enough
information, don't attempt to do this. Find someone to help you. It is
very easy and straight forward for someone that is handy with a
soldering ironcake is not colonized as quickly as the
outside. Also, there is sufficient moisture in Lipodrene With Ephedra the cake at the start so
there is no need to add water immediately.
Advantage:
The rice cake will produce many more mushrooms than it would have
without adding moisture. Using this adaptation allows the nutrients in
the rice cake to be almost totally consumed before the cake is
exhausted.
Disadvantages:
Care should be taken when drilling the hole because there is no way
to monitor for contamination inside the hole. Also, you will need to
add water on a daily basis.
Back to Growing Cycle.
table of contents.
Adaptation-18: Continued Drying of Mushrooms During
Storage
You can place a small glass with a small amount of desiccant in the
long term storage bag to continue to extract moisture from the
mushrooms. A shot glass with 3/4 of an ounce of desiccant is
sufficient to keep the humidity very low in the long term storage bag.
A larger glass that is more stable might be a better choice in order to
avoid an accident of spilling the desiccant inside the bag.
(28 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Advantage:
The mushrooms will continue to dry and their preservation is
enhanced.
Disadvantages:
You will need to be careful not to knock the glass over and spill
desiccant in the storage bag. This is only suitable if you can leave the
bag in a stationary location.
Back to Drying and Preservation of Mushrooms.
table of contents.
Adaptation-19: Reducing Output Of Ultra Sonic Humidifier
The output of the ultra sonic humidifier can be reduced by changing
the circuitry. Almost all ultra sonic humidifiers use a 5 K-ohm or 10
K-ohm potentiometer to control the output. By adding a 5 K-ohm or
10 K-ohm resister in series with the potentiometer, the original 'low'
setting becomes the new 'high' setting. The humidity output can be
turned down even lower than originally possible. Simply cut the wire
going to the potentiometer and solder a similar sized resister
(available at Radio Shack) in series. You may need to set the
humidity control above the minimum setting once you make this
modification.
Note that this adaptation is mutually exclusive with Adaptation-21. If
you try to combine them, it won't work.
Advantage:
This drastically reduces the suspended water particles emitted by the
humidifier. However, the big advantage is that the humidifier uses
significantly less water.
It is possible to fill up the humidifier and
leave on a trip for 10 days without having to add water.
(29 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Disadvantages:
Complexity is the major disadvantage. The above instructions are
deliberately technical. If reading them doesn't give you Lemonade Diet enough
information, don't attempt to do this. Find someone to help you. It is
very easy and straight forward for someone that is handy with a
soldering iron
ching the effects, it was discovered that amphetamines could
awaken dogs that were under anesthesia. Low Sodium Diet This discovery led to the use of
amphetamines, in pill form, to treat
Ephedra Free Diet Pill
narcolepsy (Feldman et al., 1997).
Amphetamines were also rumored to have been used in Japan, Britain, Germany,
and the U.S. during World War II (Brecher 1972; Lovett, 1994; Feldman
et al., 1997). U.S. and Japanese army personnel are said to have used amphetamines
to stay awake and alert while assigned to especially long periods on
duty (Feldman et al., 1997). Because of the use of amphetamines by Japanese
soldiers, Japan “suffered a serious methamphetamine problem during early
postwar years” (Suwaki, 1991).
Amphetamine use became so common that college students in the 1950s
and 1960s used amphetamines to stay awake all night to study for exams.
Long-haul truckers named their routes after how much amphetamine was
needed to make the trip. To get halfway across the U.S., truckers used “St.
Louie,” and for a transcontinental truck run, “West Coast turnabouts” were
used (Feldman et al., 1997).
In the 1960s, California users of amphetamine began using speedballs,
which are a combination of amphetamine and heroin taken intravenously.
Physicians of the Haight-Ashbury Free Clinic in San Francisco tried to warn
the public of the dangers of amphetamines by coining the term “speed kills.”
Dr. D. Smith of the
stacker Haight-Ashbury Free Clinic said:
In the 1970s the Haight-Ashbury area, of San Francisco,
turned into one of the most violent areas of the city. It
was a direct result of the amphetamine epidemic. In
addition, we saw a great deal of amphetamine psychosis,
©
2003
by CRC Press LLC
from high doses of amphetamine producing paranoia,
auditory, and visual hallucinations. We started getting
a feel that the medical and the psychiatric system did
not know how to handle drug epidemics. For example,
I was also running the alcohol and drug abuse-screening
unit at San Francisco General Hospital where with the
diagnosis of
Low Sodium Diet paranoid schizophrenia you treat with
long-term psychotropic medication.
With amphetamine
psychosis you detoxify them and use a short-term
course of psychotropic medication and get them into
recove
The technology of ancient wine making (open fermentation in crocks
or vats) would only produce a six-percent alcohol content. This would be
quickly reduced to acetic acid (vinegar). Ancient wine was produced
exactly the same as modern vinegar. So, a stable vinegar solution was
probably the basis of ancient wine. Vinegar is, however, not intoxicating.
One explanation is that vinegar was used as a vehicle for carrying other
drugs. Dried drug plants such as poppy (opium), datura, henbane, etc.
being extracted with the vinegar. (With the possible exception of opium
and ephedra, none of these other plants would really be pleasant in their
effects.) Vinegar would Supercaps then preserve these drugs in solution. This would
allow bottling, transport and u cake is not colonized as quickly as the
outside. Also, there is sufficient moisture in the cake at the start so
there is no need to add water immediately.
Advantage:
The rice cake will produce many more mushrooms than it would have
without adding moisture. Using this adaptation allows the nutrients in
the rice cake to be almost totally consumed before the cake is
exhausted.
Disadvantages:
Care should be taken when drilling the hole because there is no way
to monitor for contamination inside the hole. Also, you will need to
add water on a daily basis.
Back to Growing Cycle.
table of contents.
Adaptation-18: Continued Drying of Mushrooms During
Storage
You can place a small glass with a small amount of desiccant in the
long term storage bag to continue to extract moisture from the
mushrooms. A shot glass with 3/4 of an ounce of desiccant is
sufficient to keep the humidity very low in the long term storage bag.
A larger glass that is more stable might be a better choice in order to
avoid an accident of spilling the desiccant inside the bag.
(28 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Advantage:
The mushrooms will continue to dry and their preservation is
enhanced.
Disadvantages:
You will need to be careful not to knock the glass over and spill
desiccant in the storage bag. This is only suitable if you can leave the
bag in a stationary location.
Back to Drying and Preservation of Mushrooms.
table of contents.
Adaptation-19: Reducing Output Of Ultra Sonic Humidifier
The output of the ultra sonic humidifier can be reduced by changing
the circuitry. Almost all ultra sonic humidifiers use a 5 K-ohm or 10
K-ohm potentiometer to control the output. By adding a 5 K-ohm or
10 K-ohm resister in series with the potentiometer, the original 'low'
setting becomes the new 'high' setting. The humidity output can be
turned down even lower than originally possible. Simply cut the wire
going to the potentiometer and solder a similar sized resister
(available at Radio Shack) in series. You may need to set the
humidity control above the minimum setting once you make this
modification.
Note that this adaptation is mutually exclusive with Adaptation-21. If
you try to combine them, it won't work.
Advantage:
This drastically reduces the suspended water particles emitted by the
humidifier. However, the big advantage is that the humidifier uses
significantly less water. It is possible to fill up the humidifier and
leave on a trip for 10 days without having to add water.
(29 of 39) 5/1/2002 6:54:26 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 4)
Disadvantages:
Complexity is the major disadvantage. The above instructions are
deliberately technical. If reading them doesn't give you enough
information, don't attempt to do this. Find someone to help you. It is
very easy and straight forward for someone that is handy with a
soldering iron
ia
Hoodia is THE all natural appetite suppressant that helps you lose weight the natural and healthy way. In clinical trials, participants lost an average of 10 pounds in 28 days! Hoodia contains a molecule that fools your brain in to thinking that you are full and not hungry. Hoodia is all natural, contains no ephedra or caffeine and has no known side effects. Hoodia does not stimulate the body. In fact, scientists say it fools the brain by making you think you're full, even if you've just eaten a morsel. Hoodia is an organic diet pill that comes from the Hoodia Gordonii cactus. The the ancient San Bushmen ate the Hoodia cactus for hydration and sustenance on long journeys through the arid terrain.
Main active ingredients:
DEXL 10-Hoodia Gordonii stem 500 mg*
ms
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Main active ingredients:
*Zantrek-3 Blend: yerba mate, caffeine, guarana seed, damiana, schizonepeta, green tea, piper nigum, tibetan ginseng, panax ginseng, maca root, cocoa nut, kola nut, thea sinesis complex.
ms
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Main active ingredients:
Chromium, Vanadium, Glucomannan, Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose, Citrus narginine, Glucosamine HCL, Cocoa Extract (phenyethylamine, tyramine and theobromine), Green Tea Extract (epigallocatechin gallate, polyphenols and caffeine), Hoodia gordonii cactus
as
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Main active ingredients:
Citrus aurantium (from fruit supplying 6 mg synephrine), cassia nomane extract, kola nut extract from seeds supplying 200 mg caffeine), white willow bark, chromium picolinate
ms
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Main active ingredients:
Tyroplex™ (proprietary blend of l-tyrosine and acetyl-l-tyrosine), Green Tea Extract, Seropro™ (proprietary cocoa extract standardized for PEA (phenylethylamine), tyramine and theobromine), Yerba Mate, di-Methionine, Ginger Root, Isotherm™ (proprietary blend of quercetin and fisetin), Bitter Orange, DMAE (2-dimethylaminoethanol), Grape Seed Extract
ms
Metabolic Thyrolean
or will have numerous mature mushrooms ready
for consumption. The cakes continue to produce mushrooms until
either the nutrients in the rice cake are used up or the moisture in the
rice cake is depleted. Depending on how the cultivator chooses to
(6 of 10) 5/1/2002 6:54:10 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 1)
implement the terrarium, more or less attention is required at this
phase in the cycle.
With the fully automated terrarium setup described
later in this document, attention is only required every few days.
Mostly, this involves picking mature mushrooms and adding water to
the humidifier used in the setup.
It is very likely that the mushrooms will be produced faster than they
can be consumed by the home cultivator once the cropping phase of
the cycle starts. It is fairly easy to dry the mushrooms and preserve
them for many months. In fact, some people prefer the dried
mushrooms to their fresh counterpart. Being the master of
understatement, let me state that they do not taste as good as
mushrooms available in the grocery store.
Occasionally, a sterile spore print from a mature mushroom needs to
be generated if the cycle is to continue. This is used to produce a
spore syringe to inoculate new culture jars. It is a little bit of effort
and requires very careful, sterile procedures to be successful
generating a spore print. Of course, this can be circumvented by
simply ordering a new spore syringe. A 10 cc. spore syringe should
be sufficient to inoculate a dozen jars of substrate.
It is the cultivator's
choice which path to follow for successive generations.
table of contents.
Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms
This is not a book exclusively about magic mushrooms, it is about
growing mushrooms in general, but it gives extremely detailed
information on the cultivation of psychedelic mushrooms.
At the
same time it delivers an interesting mushroom history. The techniques
described can be used to grow magic mushrooms.
(7 of 10) [5/1/2002 6:54:10 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 1)
It provides a detailed growth parameters for 25 mushrooms species,
mycological landscaping, state-of-the-art production techniques for
home and commercial cultivation, plus more. It is not recommended
for the first time grower with no mushroom growing experience.
This is as good as it gets. It expands upon knowledge gained in The
Mushroom Cultivator and the authors enthusiasm for mushrooms
shines through. Everything I ever needed to know on cultivation,
history, and medicinal properties are contained within.
Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms
Invisible Marijuana and Psychedelic Mushroom Gardens
Information about growing both marijuana and mushrooms, but more
importantly, how to grow and not have your operation detected.
While it is not the ultimate book on growing either substance, it
would be a very good book (in addition to) a more detaior will have numerous mature mushrooms ready
for consumption. The cakes continue to produce mushrooms until
either the nutrients in the rice cake are used up or the moisture in the
rice cake is depleted. Depending on how the cultivator chooses to
(6 of 10) 5/1/2002 6:54:10 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 1)
implement the terrarium, more or less attention is required at this
phase in the cycle. With the fully automated terrarium setup described
later in this document, attention is only required every few days.
Mostly, this involves picking mature mushrooms and adding water to
the humidifier used in the setup.
It is very likely that the mushrooms will be produced faster than they
can be consumed by the home cultivator once the cropping phase of
the cycle starts. It is fairly easy to dry the mushrooms and preserve
them for many months. In fact, some people prefer the dried
mushrooms to their fresh counterpart. Being the master of
understatement, let me state that they do not taste as good as
mushrooms available in the grocery store.
Occasionally, a sterile spore print from a mature mushroom needs to
be generated if the cycle is to continue. This is used to produce a
spore syringe to inoculate new culture jars. It is a little bit of effort
and requires very careful, sterile procedures to be successful
generating a spore print. Of course, this can be circumvented by
simply ordering a new spore syringe. A 10 cc. spore syringe should
be sufficient to inoculate a dozen jars of substrate.
It is the cultivator's
choice which path to follow for successive generations.
table of contents.
Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms
This is not a book exclusively about magic mushrooms, it is about
growing mushrooms in general, but it gives extremely detailed
information on the cultivation of psychedelic mushrooms. At the
same time it delivers an interesting mushroom history. The techniques
described can be used to grow magic mushrooms.
(7 of 10) 5/1/2002 6:54:10 PM]
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 1)
It provides a detailed growth parameters for 25 mushrooms species,
mycological landscaping, state-of-the-art production techniques for
home and commercial cultivation, plus more. It is not recommended
for the first time grower with no mushroom growing experience.
This is as good as it gets. It expands upon knowledge gained in The
Mushroom Cultivator and the authors enthusiasm for mushrooms
shines through. Everything I ever needed to know on cultivation,
history, and medicinal properties are contained within.
Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms
Invisible Marijuana and Psychedelic Mushroom Gardens
Information about growing both marijuana and mushrooms, but more
importantly, how to grow and not have your operation detected.
While it is not the ultimate book on growing either substance, it
would be a very good book (in addition to) a more detaior will have numerous mature mushrooms ready
for consumption. The cakes continue to produce mushrooms until
either the nutrients in the rice cake are used up or the moisture in the
rice cake is depleted. Depending on how the cultivator chooses to
(6 of 10) [5/1/2002 6:54:10 PM
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 1)
implement the terrarium, more or less attention is required at this
phase in the cycle. With the fully automated terrarium setup described
later in this document, attention is only required every few days.
Mostly, this involves picking mature mushrooms and adding water to
the humidifier used in the setup.
It is very likely that the mushrooms will be produced faster than they
can be consumed by the home cultivator once the cropping phase of
the cycle starts. It is fairly easy to dry the mushrooms and preserve
them for many months. In fact, some people prefer the dried
mushrooms to their fresh counterpart. Being the master of
understatement, let me state that they do not taste as good as
mushrooms available in the grocery store.
Occasionally, a sterile spore print from a mature mushroom needs to
be generated if the cycle is to continue. This is used to produce a
spore syringe to inoculate new culture jars. It is a little bit of effort
and requires very careful, sterile procedures to be successful
generating a spore print.
Of course, this can be circumvented by
simply ordering a new spore syringe.
A 10 cc. spore syringe should
be sufficient to inoculate a dozen jars of substrate. It is the cultivator's
choice which path to follow for successive generations.
table of contents.
Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms
This is not a book exclusively about magic mushrooms, it is about
growing mushrooms in general, but it gives extremely detailed
information on the cultivation of psychedelic mushrooms. At the
same time it delivers an interesting mushroom history. The techniques
described can be used to grow magic mushrooms.
(7 of 10) 5/1/2002 6:54:10 PM
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 1)
It provides a detailed growth parameters for 25 mushrooms species,
mycological landscaping, state-of-the-art production techniques for
home and commercial cultivation, plus more. It is not recommended
for the first time grower with no mushroom growing experience.
This is as good as it gets. It expands upon knowledge gained in The
Mushroom Cultivator and the authors enthusiasm for mushrooms
shines through. Everything I ever needed to know on cultivation,
history, and medicinal properties are contained within.
Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms
Invisible Marijuana and Psychedelic Mushroom Gardens
Information about growing both marijuana and mushrooms, but more
importantly, how to grow and not have your operation detected.
While it is not the ultimate book on growing either substance, it
would be a very good book (in addition to) a more detaior will have numerous mature mushrooms ready
for consumption.
The cakes continue to produce mushrooms until
either the nutrients in the rice cake are used up or the moisture in the
rice cake is depleted. Depending on how the cultivator chooses to
(6 of 10) 5/1/2002 6:54:10 PM
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 1)
implement the terrarium, more or less attention is required at this
phase in the cycle. With the fully automated terrarium setup described
later in this document, attention is only required every few days.
Mostly, this involves picking mature mushrooms and adding water to
the humidifier used in the setup.
It is very likely that the mushrooms will be produced faster than they
can be consumed by the home cultivator once the cropping phase of
the cycle starts. It is fairly easy to dry the mushrooms and preserve
them for many months. In fact, some people prefer the dried
mushrooms to their fresh counterpart.
Being the master of
understatement, let me state that they do not taste as good as
mushrooms available in the grocery store.
Occasionally, Ecstasy a sterile spore print from a mature mushroom needs to
be generated if the cycle is to continue.
This is used to produce a
spore syringe to inoculate new culture jars. It is a little bit of effort
and requires very careful, sterile procedures to be successful
generating a spore print. Of course, this can be circumvented by
simply ordering a new spore syringe. A 10 cc. spore syringe should
be sufficient to inoculate a dozen jars of substrate. It is the cultivator's
choice which path to follow for successive generations.
table of contents.
Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms
This is not a book exclusively about magic mushrooms, it is about
growing mushrooms in general, but it gives extremely detailed
information on the cultivation of psychedelic mushrooms. At the
same time it delivers an interesting mushroom history. The techniques
described can be used to grow magic mushrooms.
(7 of 10) 5/1/2002 6:54:10 PM
How To Grow Magic Mushrooms The Magic Mushroom Growers Guide (page 1)
It provides a detailed growth parameters for 25 mushrooms species,
mycological landscaping, state-of-the-art production techniques for
home and commercial cultivation, plus more. It is not recommended
for the first time grower with no mushroom growing experience.
This is as good as it gets. It expands upon knowledge gained in The
Mushroom Cultivator and the authors enthusiasm for mushrooms
shines through. Everything I ever needed to know on cultivation,
history, and medicinal properties are contained within.
Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms
Invisible Marijuana and Psychedelic Mushroom Gardens
Information about growing both marijuana and mushrooms, but more
importantly, how to grow and not have your operation detected.
While it is not the ultimate book on growing either substance, it
would be a very good book (in addition to) a more detai
Ephedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs, the only genus in the family Ephedraceae and order Ephedrales. These plants occur in dry climates over a wide area mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, across southern Europe, north Africa, southwest and central Asia, southwestern North America, and, in the Southern Hemisphere, in South America south to Patagonia. They are also called Joint-pine, Jointfir, or Mormon-tea. The Chinese name is 麻黄, ma huang, which means "yellow hemp". Ephedra is also sometimes called sea grape (from the French raisin de mer), although that is also a common name for Coccoloba uvifera.
edit]
Species
The following list of species is from the Gymnosperm Database page for Ephedra.
Ephedra alata Decne
Ephedra altissima Desf.
Ephedra antisyphilitica Berl. ex C.A.Meyer - Clapweed, Erect Ephedra
Ephedra aspera Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Boundary Ephedra, Pitamoreal
Ephedra californica S.Wats. - California Ephedra, California Jointfir
Ephedra coryi E.L.Reed - Cory's Ephedra
Ephedra cutleri Peebles - Navajo Ephedra, Cutler's Ephedra, Cutler Mormon-tea, Cutler's Jointfir
Ephedra distachya L. - Joint-pine, Jointfir
Ephedra distachya subsp. helvetica (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra equisetina Bunge - Ma huang
Ephedra fasciculata A.Nels. - Arizona Ephedra, Arizona Jointfir, Desert Mormon-tea
Ephedra fedtschenkoae Pauls.
Ephedra fragilis Desf.
Ephedra fragilis subsp. campylopoda (C.A.Meyer) Aschers. & Graebn.
Ephedra frustillata Miers - Patagonian Ephedra
Ephedra funerea Coville & Morton - Death Valley Ephedra, Death Valley Jointfir
Ephedra gerardiana Wallich ex C.A.Meyer - Gerard's Jointfir, Shan Ling Ma Huang
Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex C.A.Meyer
Ephedra lepidosperma C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra likiangensis Florin
Ephedra macedonica Kos.
Ephedra major Host
Ephedra major subsp. procera Fischer & C.A.Meyer
Ephedra minuta Florin
Ephedra monosperma C.A.Meyer
Ephedra viridis in western NevadaEphedra nevadensis S.Wats. - Nevada Ephedra, Nevada Jointfir, Nevada Mormon-tea
Ephedra pedunculata Engelm. ex S.Wats. - Vine Ephedra, Vine Jointfir
Ephedra przewalskii Stapf
Ephedra przewalskii var. kaschgarica (B.Fedtsch. & Bobr.) C.Y.Cheng
Ephedra regeliana Florin - Xi Zi Ma Huang
Ephedra saxatilis (Stapf) Royle ex Florin
Ephedra sinica Stapf - Ma Huang, Chinese ephedra
Ephedra torreyana S.Wats. - Torrey's Ephedra, Torrey's Jointfir, Torrey's Mormon-tea, Cañutillo
Ephedra trifurca Torrey ex S.Wats. - Longleaf Ephedra, Longleaf Jointfir, Longleaf Mormon-tea, Popotilla, Teposote
Ephedra viridis Coville - Green Ephedra, Green Mormon-tea
edit]
Uses and health concerns
Ephedra distachyaThese plants have traditionally been used by indigenous people for a variety of medicinal purposes, and are a likely candidate for the Soma plant of Indo-Iranian religion. The alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are the active constituents of the plant. Some species in the Ephedra genus have zero al or dieting, is a combination of ephedra and St. Johns Wort.
The ECA Stack (ephedra, caffeine, aspirin) has been used by bodybuilders to burn fat, and increase energy.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safety
For FDA information on ephedra, please see the ephedra.com FDA page.
As ephedra is a stimulant and a thermogenic, it should NOT be used by people / in situations where these properties might be harmful. There are some common sense rules about using ephedra:
Do not use ephedra if you have any medical problems as the use of a stimulant might overtax your system. Do not use ephedra if your activity / environment will prevent you from dissipating heat. Your body core temperature might exceed safe levels. And do not take more than the manufacturer's recommended amount.
What this means is: If you have a heart condition, do not take ephedra. And if you plan to wear clothes to raise your body temperature, do not take ephedra. And do not think that playing baseball on a hot muggy day will counteract these two common sense conditions and make it okay to take ephedra.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Some other common names and terms that people use when searching for information on ephedra:
ephedra sinica, ma huang, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, buy ephedra, efedra, efedrine, mahuang, mahung, guarana, diets, weight loss, asthma, metabolife, energizers, alkaloids, amphetamines, BAT, metabolism, brown fat, brown adipose tissue, caffeine, calories, eca, eac, stack, ecstasy, energy, engergizing, energizer, extreme power plus, fat burners, fat burning, guarana, herbs, herbal, phen-fen, java trim, metabolic, metabolism, metabolite, metabomax, mormon tea, mowrey, natural trim, obesity, omnitrim, overweight, pep, redux, ripped, squaw tea, stacker, stimulants, thermogenesis, thermogenics, thermo-lift, xenadrine, ultimate xphoria, xtc, speed, bronchodilator
Due to liability concerns, we can not provide any health information regarding ephedra. Also, we no longer have time to respond to individual emails. If you want to share your thoughts about ephedra and your right to being able to buy it, please visit the ephedra forum on yahoo.
Home Alternatives
FAQ FDA on ephedra
Laws Diet Drugs
Links Public Forum
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ephedra.com
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For an extensive selection of ephedra
alternatives, check out
DiscounterUSA.com
Ephedra Alternatives KEYWORD
For your long term health, a qualified diet and exercise program is your best bet to loosing weight and staying healthy. If you have a short term need, some diet drugs and the following fat burners offer a fast solution.
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Note: Links on this page open new windows.
Hood
nt a bunch of
thallium around the Detox Diet house about like you want to Ephedra Diet Red Pill Pill Chinese be kicked in the
teeth with a heavy pair of boots.
A further bad aspect of this method is its high cost. 100 grams sell
for $150, and the high molecular weight of the compound means that a
lot of it has to be used to get a moderate amount of product. One
pound of thallium(ni) nitrate is required for a 1-molar batch.
This method can be found in Tetrahedron Letters No. 60, pages
5275-80 (1970). To produce a one mole batch, dissolve one mole of
propenylbenzene in some methanol, and put it into a one-gallon glass
jug. In a beaker, dissolve one mole (448 grams) of thallium(HI) nitrate
trihydrate in methanol. Then pour the thallium solution into the jug
with the propenylbenzene, and stir at room temperature for 5 minutes.
The thallium(I) nitrate formed by the reaction comes out of solution. It is
removed by filtration.
The propenylbenzene has at this point been converted to a ketal.
This is hydrolyzed to the phenylacetone by shaking the filtrate with
about 2000 ml of 1 molar sulfuric acid solution in water for about 5
minutes. The phenylacetone is then extracted out with a couple of
portions of tolulene. This extract is then washed with 5% NaOH
solution, then distilled or purified by conversion to the bisulfite
addition product.
12 Studies On The Production OfTMA-2
93
Production of TMA-2, MDA, etc. from the
Corresponding Phenylacetone
There are three good methods for converting the phenylacetone to
the psychedelic amphetamine. Choice number one is to use reductive
amination with a hydrogenation bomb with Raney nickel, ammonia
and alcohol solvent. See Journal of the American Chemical Society,
Volume 70, pages 12811-12 (1948). Also see Chem. Abstracts from
1954, column 2097. This gives a yield of about 80% if plenty of
Raney nickel is used. The preferred conditions for use with MDA is
EPHEDRA EPHEDRA
a
temperature of 80 C, and a hydrogen pressure of 50 atmospheres.
The drawback to this method is the need for a shaker device for
the bomb, and also a heater. The use of platinum as the catalyst in the
bomb works great when making MDMA, but gives lousy results when
making MDA. There may be a way around this, however, for serious
experimenters. It has been found in experiments with phenylacetone
that a mixture of ammonia and ammonium chloride produces good
yields of amphetamine (50%) when used in a bomb with platinum
catalyst. Methylenedioxyphenylacetone is quite likely to behave
similarly, along with other phenylacetones.
To use this variation, the following materials are placed in the 1.5
liter champagne bottle hydrogenation device described in Chapter 11 of
Secrets of Methamphetamine Manufacture, Third Edition: .5 gram
platinum in 20 ml distilled water. If this platinum is in the form of
PtO2 instead of reduced platinum metal catalyst obtained with
borohydride, the experimenter must now reduce the platinum by
pressurizing the bottle with hydrogen and stirring fo
ching the effects, it was discovered that amphetamines could
awaken dogs that were under anesthesia. This discovery led to the use of
amphetamines, in pill form, to treat narcolepsy (Feldman et al., 1997).
Amphetamines were also rumored to have been used in Japan, Britain, Germany,
and the U.S. during World War II (Brecher 1972; Lovett, 1994; Feldman
et al., 1997). U.S. and Japanese army personnel are said to have used amphetamines
to stay awake and alert while assigned to especially long periods on
duty (Feldman et al., 1997).
Because of the use of amphetamines by Japanese
soldiers, Japan “suffered a serious methamphetamine problem during early
postwar years” (Suwaki, 1991).
Amphetamine use became so common that college students in the 1950s
and 1960s used amphetamines to stay awake all night to study for exams.
Long-haul truckers named their routes after how much amphetamine was
needed to make the trip. To get halfway across the U.S., truckers used “St.
Louie,” and for a transcontinental truck run, “West Coast turnabouts” were
used (Feldman et al., 1997).
In the 1960s, California users of amphetamine began using speedballs,
which are a combination of amphetamine and heroin taken intravenously.
Physicians of the Haight-Ashbury Free Clinic in San Francisco tried to warn
the public of the dangers of amphetamines by coining the term “speed kills.”
Dr. D. Smith of the Haight-Ashbury Free Clinic said:
In the 1970s the Haight-Ashbury area, of San Francisco,
turned into one of the Stacker Ephedra most violent areas of the city. It
was a direct result of the amphetamine epidemic. In
addition, we saw a great deal of amphetamine psychosis,
©
2003
by CRC Press LLC
from high doses of amphetamine producing paranoia,
auditory, and visual hallucinations. We started getting
a feel that the medical and the psychiatric system did
not know how to handle drug epidemics.
For example,
I was also running the alcohol and drug abuse-screening
unit at San Francisco General Hospital where with the
diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia you treat with
long-term psychotropic medication. With amphetamine
psychosis you detoxify them and use a short-term
course of psychotropic medication and get them into
recove
The technology of ancient wine making (open fermentation in crocks
or vats) would only produce a six-percent alcohol content. This would be
quickly reduced to acetic acid (vinegar). Ancient wine was produced
exactly the same as modern vinegar.
So, a stable vinegar solution was
probably the basis of ancient wine. Vinegar is, however, not intoxicating.
One explanation is that vinegar was used as a vehicle for carrying other
drugs. Dried drug plants such as poppy (opium), datura, henbane, etc.
being extracted with the vinegar. (With the possible exception of opium
and ephedra, none of these other plants would really be pleasant in their
effects.) Vinegar would then preserve these drugs in solution. This would
allow bottling, transport and u
Stackers @ 3/9/2010 11:20:12 PM